Entrepenurship-6.What factors affect the development and Essay

Entrepenurship-6.What variables influence the turn of events and execution of successful methodologies in little businesses(SME) - Essay Example The endurance of SMEs inside the cutting edge showcase is a difficult errand: the expansion of rivalry all around has driven SMEs to change their procedures so as to satisfy the needs of the market. In spite of the way that SMEs work locally (for example just inside a particular nation, with special case in the event of online action) they ought to ceaselessly survey their vital decisions so as to guarantee the adequacy of their arrangements as far as the market’s requests and the client inclinations. Current paper alludes to the variables that can influence the turn of events and the execution of viable methodologies in SMEs. There is no reference to explicit nation; rather a progression of information and discoveries related with SMEs that work the world over will be utilized in this examination. Potential proposals will be additionally made under the terms that the key rebuilding of a little firm is achievable under the states of its market and its money related solidarity to react to the requests of the pertinent exertion. As effectively saw above independent companies have a predetermined number of representatives †that could be relied upon the important legislative guidelines (in the model referenced over, the New Zealand, the quantity of workers of SMEs can't be higher than 5). In this unique situation, business enterprise in SMEs must be properly altered so as to satisfy the needs of the market yet in addition to react to the requirements of the firm. In SMEs their proprietor is generally effectively engaged with every operational action; he’s not only a manager of the representatives (in spite of the fact that this alternative would be likewise accessible). As per the abovementioned, business in SMEs should concentrate on the structure and the advancement of the suitable methodologies that would bolster the expansion of the firm’s efficiency towards the adjustment of the firm’s position in the market. On the off chance that the above objective is accomplished, the

How to Collect and Prepare a Hickory Nut for Planting

Step by step instructions to Collect and Prepare a Hickory Nut for Planting Of the dozen or so American hickories, shellbark and shagbark hickory trees have given some guarantee as consumable nut makers. These are the main two Carya species (except for walnut, logical name Carya illinoensis) ordinarily planted for nut creation. All the accompanying hickory nut recommendations apply too to the assortment and arrangement of walnuts. Timing Hickory blossoms in the spring and finishes nut development in late-summer. Starting as right on time as the first of September and proceeding through November, different types of hickory nuts age and are prepared for assortment. Aging dates can fluctuate marginally from year to year and from state to state by upwards of three to about a month, so it is preposterous to expect to utilize exact dates to decide development. The best time to gather hickory nuts, either off the tree or starting from the earliest stage, when they start falling: It is only that straightforward. Prime picking is late September through the main week in November, contingent upon the individual hickory tree species and its area inside the United States. The hickory nut is immaculate when the husks start to part. Gathering The stature of the hickory nut crop in a backwoods overhang and the thick timberland litter underneath can make it to some degree hard for the easygoing authority to accumulate enormous quantities of nuts (in spite of the fact that certainly feasible). Another test is gathering nuts before untamed life does. It is likewise critical to recall that nut accessibility is rarely a yearly given. Great hickory crops (called pole) of all species are delivered at interims of one to three years, so discovering nuts can be a test in some random fall season. In view of that, discover woods trees that are open-developed with minimal woodland underbrush. Yard trees or trees close to cleared zones make for simpler assortment in urban and rural zones. Continuously recognize the tree and spot labels or imprint the sacks, so you will comprehend what species you have gathered. Putting away Capacity tests with walnut and shagbark hickory have shown that hickories resemble most other nut and oak seed species: They ought to be dried to a low dampness content and refrigerated if not planted right away. To be explicit, Carya nuts ought to be dried to underneath 10% dampness and put away at around 40 degrees Fahrenheit. Whenever put away in fixed compartments, the nuts ought to have the option to hold great suitability for a long time. They will lose half to 66% of their capacity to develop following four years. In spite of the fact that hickory needs almost no cold over a full season, examines show that feasibility can be improved by absorbing the nuts water at 70 degrees Fahrenheit for 64 hours. Some nut species need stratificationâ or a cool timeframe to completely improve the germination procedure. Put clammy peat combine or sawdust with the dried hickory nuts in a polyethylene plastic pack that has a divider thickness of four to ten millimeters. These packs are perfect for putting away nuts since they are penetrable to carbon dioxide and oxygen yet impermeable to dampness. Close the pack freely and store in the fridge at 40 degrees Fahrenheit until planting time. Check nuts all through the winter and keep marginally sodden. Planting You can plant unrefrigerated nuts in the fall and let the winter season do what nature does-refrigerate. You can likewise spring-plant with delineated or cold-treated seed or take a risk on unstratified seed. For ground planting: Great outcomes have been accounted for with fall seed planting for hickory, yet great mulching is vital. Mulch ought to stay until germination is finished. Concealing is commonly a bit much, yet hickory may benefit from someâ initial conceal. Insurance from rodents might be required for fall-sowings. For holder planting: After deciding the correct time to plant, you should put nuts in moderatelyâ loose fertilized soil in one-gallon pots or more profound compartments. The taproot will develop rapidly to the base of holders and root width isn't as significant. Holders ought to have gaps in the base to take into consideration seepage. Spot hickory nuts on their sides at a profundity of one-a large portion of the width to about the width of the nut. Keep the dirt clammy yet not wet. Shield the pots from freezing.

Porters Five Forces Model on ASDA Marketing Essay

Porters Five Forces Model on ASDA Marketing Essay The task that all business managers have to complete effectively is analysis of competitive forces in the industry environment for identification of potential opportunities and threats. To accomplish this objective in a systematic, organized way, Michael E. Porter created his globally known framework now termed the Five Forces Model (Hill and Jones 42). The model is now widely used by managers worldwide to analyze forces shaping the industry, such as the risk of potential rivals’ entry to the market, overall intensity of rivalry in the current market, the bargaining power of buyers and suppliers, and the closeness of substitutes to the company’s products (Ahlstrom and Bruton 131). Once these forces are clearly evaluated and understood, the firm can develop a strategy for development and empowerment in its business sector. Hence, this essay is dedicated to analysis of a well-known UK-based company Asda with the help of Porter’s Five Forces Model. In terms of current competitors, Asda faces fierce competition from the side of other retail giants such as Tesco, Sainsbury’s, Co-op, Morrisons, etc. Given their impressive size and strength, the key leaders in this industry compete with price wars, superb service, and excellent product quality. Speaking about the threat of new entrants, it is high in the field, with many international giants planning and executing aggressive market entries in the UK. For instance, Asda also became a part of such an initiative when it was acquired by the US retail giant Wal-mart, which now sets the trend for cut-price shopping and other ‘category busting’ techniques (Cheveton 76). Next, the bargaining power of customers should be analyzed. In the case of Asda, it is in a beneficial position in this regard because it offers a unique combination of low pricing and high quality of products and service. This strategy allows Asda to maintain its popularity among customers who make their shopping locale selection based on the offers they get from various competitors. As it was previously mentioned, Asda is at an even greater advantage after being purchased by Wal-Mart, which helps it involve in price-cutting more effectively, attracting greater numbers of shoppers with appealing prices (Industrial Analysis). As for the bargaining power of suppliers, Asda also has a strong, stable relationship with over 500 suppliers who provide its grocery stores with highest-quality goods. Therefore, the risk from this side is also minimal for Asda in terms of risking its competitive market position. Finally, one has to analyze the threat of substitute products. At present, Asda faces tough competition in this aspect because there are many competitors among supermarkets and grocery stores in the UK, and there is nothing unique for Asda to offer to clients and achieve differentiation as a brand. Moreover, competition continues to intensify because of the growing number of convenience shops and off-license shops effectively substituting Asda’s facilities (West, Ford and Ibrahim 76). The major aspect of threat comes from competitors offering substitutes in terms of fair pricing and service offers. It can be thus concluded that though Asda enjoys a stable position in the UK grocery market and successfully competes with other market leaders, there are new market entrants offering similar products and services, which is a major source of risks for the near future.

Guide to Microteaching

Microteaching is a teacher training technique that allows student teachers to practice and refine their teaching skills in a low-risk, simulated classroom environment. The method,  also used for retraining or fine-tuning the skills of practicing teachers,  was developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s by Dwight Allen at Stanford University. How Microteaching Works Microteaching sessions involve one student teacher, the class instructor (or school supervisor), and a small group of peers. These sessions allow student teachers to practice and polish their teaching techniques in a simulated environment  before putting them into practice with students. Using the teaching method, which was revised and simplified in the late 1980s and early 1990s, student teachers conduct a short lesson (usually 5-20 minutes in length). Microteaching  sessions focus on one teaching skill at a time. This singular focus provides the opportunity for student teachers to master each  technique by  planning and teaching the same lesson multiple times, making  adjustments based on peer and instructor  feedback.   Benefits of Microteaching Microteaching provides ongoing training for student teachers and retraining for classroom teachers in a simulated environment. These practice sessions enable student teachers to perfect their teaching techniques before applying them in the classroom. Microteaching sessions also allow student teachers to prepare for a variety of classroom scenarios, including working with students of different skill levels and socioeconomic backgrounds. Lastly, microteaching provides valuable opportunities for self-evaluation and peer feedback. Disadvantages of Microteaching Microteaching is considered one of the most effective techniques for teacher training, but it does have a few drawbacks. Most significantly, microteaching requires the presence of an instructor and a group of peers, which means that not all student teachers (or current teachers) can consistently complete microteaching sessions. Ideally, microteaching sessions are repeated multiple times so that the student teacher can refine his or her skills. However, in larger education programs, there may not be time for all student teachers to complete multiple sessions. The Microteaching Cycle Microteaching is accomplished cyclically, allowing teachers to practice new skills in order to attain mastery. Classroom Instruction First, student teachers learn the basics of  an individual through lectures,  textbooks, and demonstration (via an instructor or video lessons). Skills studied include communication, explanation, lecturing, and engaging students. They may also include organization, illustrating lessons with examples, and answering student questions. Lesson Planning Next, the student teacher plans a short lesson that will enable her to practice these new skills in a mock classroom situation. Though the classroom environment is simulated, teachers should consider their presentation an actual lesson and present it in an engaging, logical, and understandable manner. Teaching and Feedback The teacher conducts the lesson for her instructor and peer group. The session is recorded so that the student can watch it later for self-evaluation. Immediately following the microteaching session, the teacher receives feedback from her instructor and peers. Peer  feedback should be specific and balanced (include  observations on strengths as well as weaknesses)  with the goal of helping the student teacher improve. It’s helpful for peers to focus on their personal experience using â€Å"I† statements and to provide specific detail in their feedback. For example, when providing constructive criticism, I had trouble hearing you at times is more helpful than â€Å"You need to speak louder.† When offering praise, â€Å"I felt confident commenting because you made eye contact with me† is more helpful than You engage well with students.† Re-plan and Reteach Based on peer feedback and self-evaluation, the student teacher plans the same lesson and teaches it a  second time. The goal is to incorporate feedback from the first  microteaching  session to  master the  skill being practiced. The second teaching session is recorded just like the first. At the conclusion, the instructor and peers offer feedback, and the student teacher can watch the recording for self-evaluation. Microteaching often results in better-prepared, more confident teachers with a strong working understanding of the skills they need in the classroom.

Search for Identity in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club Essay...

nbsp;Search for Identity in The Joy Luck Clubnbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Imagine, a daughter not knowing her own mother! And then it occurs to me. They are frightened. In me, they see their own daughters, just as ignorant, just as unmindful of all truths and hopes they have brought to America. They see daughters who grow impatient when their mothers talk in Chinese, who think they are stupid when they explain things in fractured English. (Tan 40-41) Amy Tan frames The Joy Luck Club with Jing-mei Woos search for identity. When Jing-meis mothers friends tell Jing-mei that her sisters have at long last been found and insist that she tell her sisters about their mothers life, Jing-mei emotionally replies that she does not know her†¦show more content†¦By ignoring their mothers, these daughters do not see the similarities between themselves and their mothers, for their mothers have also rejected Chinese traditions, particularly those that repress women. After witnessing her mothers tragic fate, An-Mei has come to America determined to raise her children to have choices. Lindos early arranged Chinese marriage has taught her to value America where nobody says you have to keep the circumstances somebody else gives you (254). Jing-meis mother believed you could be anything you wanted to be in America (132). Ying-ying belatedly realizes that her lifetime of keeping her mouth closed so selfish desires would not fall out (67) has m eant that she has lost herself. In all four cases, it is when the daughters recognize these similarities that they start to understand not only their mothers, but also themselves. Lena knows that she and Harold have marriage problems. However, it is Ying-yings irritating questions and determination to share her painful past with Lena, so that Lena will stand up for herself, that allows Lena to finally confront Harold. Like Ying-ying, An-mei has tried to teach her daughter Rose to stand up for herself. Roses inability to make choices indicates that she too has rebelled against her mothers ways. However, when Rose responds with her mothers phrase You mean you were doing monkey business with someone else? (194) to TedsShow MoreRelated Essay on Search for Identity in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club1103 Words   |  5 PagesSearch for Identity in Joy Luck Club      Ã‚   Each person reaches a point in their life when they begin to search for their own, unique identity. In her novel, Joy Luck Club, Amy Tan follows Jing Mei on her search for her Chinese identity – an identity long neglected.    Four Chinese mothers have migrated to America. Each hope for their daughter’s success and pray that they will not experience the hardships faced in China. One mother, Suyuan, imparts her knowledge on her daughter throughRead More The Search for Identity in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club Essay3982 Words   |  16 PagesThe Search for Identity in The Joy Luck Club  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When Chinese immigrants enter the United States of America, it is evident from the start that they are in a world far different than their homeland. Face to face with a dominant culture that often times acts and thinks in ways contrary to their previous lives, immigrants are on a difficult path of attempting to become an American. Chinese immigrants find themselves often caught between two worlds: the old world of structured, traditionalRead More Search for Self in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club Essay1058 Words   |  5 PagesThe Search for Self in The Joy Luck Club       Amy Tans novel, The Joy Luck Club, presents a character with a divided self. 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Some key themes in The Joy Luck Club are the generational and intercul tural differences among Chinese-AmericanRead MoreThe Struggles Faced in the Color Purple and the Joy Luck Club1856 Words   |  8 PagesThe Struggles Faced in The Color Purple and The Joy Luck Club A common bond of struggle links the novels The Color Purple by Alice Walker and The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan. Rape, suicide, death, war, oppression, and racism invade the two novels. In The Color Purple, Celie overcomes racism, violence, and other issues to find dignity and love. In the Joy Luck Club, the daughters struggle for acceptance, love, and happiness. Though the characters endure many hardships they survive not only by not becomingRead More The Struggles Faced In The Color Purple And The Joy Luck Club1809 Words   |  8 Pages The Struggles Faced in The Color Purple and The Joy Luck Club A common bond of struggle links the novels The Color Purple by Alice Walker and The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan. Rape, suicide, death, war, oppression, and racism invade the two novels. In The Color Purple, Celie overcomes racism, violence, and other issues to find dignity and love. In the Joy Luck Club, the daughters struggle for acceptance, love, and happiness. Though the characters endure many hardships they survive not only by not becomingRead More Movie Essays - Comparing the Novel and Film Version of Joy Luck Club1811 Words   |  8 PagesComparing the Novel and Film Version of Joy Luck Club   Ã‚   Wayne Wangs adaptation of Amy Tans Joy Luck Club combines literary and cinematic devices by adopting the novels narrative techniques and strengthening them through image and sound. The adaptation exemplifies not a destruction or abuse of Amy Tans novel, but the emergence of a new work of art, not hindered but enhanced by the strengths of its literary precursor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Incorporating her familys own experiences as ChineseRead More A Comparison of Women in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club and Kitchen Gods Wife877 Words   |  4 PagesWomen in The Joy Luck Club and The Kitchen Gods Wife  Ã‚        Ã‚   One of the common themes in both The Joy Luck Club and The Kitchen Gods Wife is strong women. All the women in both generations in each book gain strength through different experiences. These experiences range from a war-ravaged China to the modern day stresses of womanhood. 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People from all over the world who have escaped their native country wanting to have jobs in order to support their family and live the â€Å"American Dream†. The U.S. Demographic History states, â€Å"In any event, 1965 initiated a second ‘Great Wave’ of mass immigration, which continues today. During the 19 90s, legal immigration averaged 900,000 annually, increasing to about one million per year during

Professor Tocker Free Essays

Shop This project has to do with price elasticity, which is a measure used in economics to show the responsiveness of the quantity demanded of a good or service, in regards to the quantity demanded for a good or service to a change in its price. It will also give the percentage change in quantity demanded in response to a change in price. (wow. We will write a custom essay sample on Professor Tocker or any similar topic only for you Order Now coursesmart. com/97812568314/page 551). A measure of the relationship between the change in quantity demanded of a particular good and a change in its rice relates to prices sensitivity. If a small change in price is accompanied by a change of quantity demanded, the product will be elastic. A product that is inelastic is when a large change in price is accompanied by a small change in the quantity demanded. Elasticity is sensitive to change in price, the degree to which demand for a good or service, in this case the flowers I am selling, varies with its price. It has to do with sales, when sales increase with a drop in price and decreases with the rise in price. Things like appliances, cars, and other non-essential, or luxury items, show elasticity of demand, it is because they are not essential items such as medical supplies, food, or etc. (www. businessdictionary. com/definition/ elasticityofdemand. html) Inelastic demand is when a demand for a product doesn’t increase or decrease with a fall or rise in its price; an increase in price would increase the revenue regardless of a fall in the quantity demanded. Inelastic examples would be groceries, gasoline, etc. things that are necessities. The ercentage change in quantity demanded is less than the percentage change in price. It is also unresponsive to changes like demand, when it falls to increase in proportion to a decrease in price. (Tocker, R. (November 26, 2013) Econ 212 2 203 3 [chat 4]. Retrieved from Colorado Technical University Virtual Campus. ECON212 13048-02 Principles ot Microeconomics: nttps://campus. ctuonline. edu) The price of a laptop increases by 20% and there is a 40% drop in quantity demanded of the laptop. Then formula would be: Formula = Percent of change in Quantity demanded of Laptop Percentage of change in Price of Laptop Quantity Demand 40% = 4 = 2 Price Increased 20% 2 Since the result is greater than 1, the demand for the laptops is elastic, and the effect on total revenue of an increase in price which will mean that the total revenue will fall. Inelastic demand is Just the opposite of elastic demand, because consumers will buy it regardless of price. Formula = Percentage of quantity Demanded of Cigarettes Percentage of price increase of Cigarettes Demanded The price of cigarettes increased by 10%, and there is a 5% drop in the quantity emanded. Quantity Demanded 5% Price Increased 0. 10 Since the result is less than 1, the demand for cigarettes is inelastic and the effect on total revenue on a decrease in price, which will mean that revenue rises, then total revenue will be unchanged. (wrww. economicsrevealed. co. uk) I think bridge tolls are inelastic, people will pay them regardless of price; it helps to maintain roads and reduce traffic congestion this is something people will Just add to their daily expenses for getting to and from work. As far as beachfront property is oncerned, I think many people would love to own beachfront property; however, it is not a necessity this would be a luxury, which is elastic. Gourmet coffee and cell phones could be both either elastic or inelastic, depending on if you believe it is a necessity or a luxury. My personal opinion is that it is a necessity, but the applications and downloads that are available to you are a luxury, an added feature is something your do not need. I could not imagine being without my cell phone, but I don’t want to pay for all the extra apps that are available. I honestly believe that gasoline is inelastic because you need it to travel, getting back and forth to work, etc. Regardless of what price the gas may be we will pay it in order to get to our destination. Owning and running a floral shop, I have to look at the supply and demand. While Valentine’s Day is when roses are in high demand, but supply is low; however, you also have a higher demand in flowers during Christmas and Hanukkah, Mother’s Day, Easter, and Memorial Day. The best time for me to raise prices would be in February, ecause of the high demand; again in May to deal with the demand for Mother’s Day, Memorial Day and weddings throughout the summer months. How to cite Professor Tocker, Papers

Psychology for Educators Health Sciences

Question: Discuss about the Psychology for Educators for Health Sciences. Answer: Introduction: The ability of the individuals to think and act rationally is the chief facet that characterizes them. Human beings being the social animals grow up in an atmosphere that influences them every now and then. Although certain traits in them are innate, most of them are developed at the later stages of their lives in accordance with the emotional, social educational and professional aspects that pose a significant impact upon them. A childs development is very much affected by the surrounding atmosphere in which he or she grows up. Mud can be moulded in various ways and can be given different shapes as required, in the similar manner a childs behaviour and personality can be rendered different shapes during the tender years. Therefore, be it positive or negative, the development of a child is highly dependent upon the factors that surround them. The family in which a child is born, the attitudes of the parents in nurturing the child and the economic standing of the family are the most important factors that affect the psychological and physical development of the child. In accordance with the views of Social Constructivism devised by Lev Vygotskys, which is termed as Social Constructivism it, becomes evident that the children are highly influenced by the culture in which they are born. The theory of social constructivism shared most of the views as portrayed by Piaget regarding the child development. The theory focuses much more upon the impact that a society has over the children. According to Lev Vygotsky, the children require an adults presence in learning about the true aspects of life (Estes, 2014). Discussion: A child at the very beginning remains completely unaware about the facts of life and the entire world. At the first instance, the family is the first and foremost tutor who teaches the child the factual aspects of life, how to deal with the other members of the family and with the outside society along with the fundamental values of life. Gradually, the outside social institutions influence the child. As and when the child enters the domain of learning, he encounters the society that assists in the development of personality of the child (Drnyei Ushioda, 2013). Interactions among the individuals play a very vital role in determining the psychological development of every child. The development both at the social and psychological levels both becomes integral in constituting the mental make-up of a child, according to the social constructivism theory proposed by the Lev Vygotsky (Vygotsky, 2014). The concept of behaviourism becomes applicable largely while discussing idea that the individuals should be subjected to the learning and training practices that would help in enriching and bringing forth their latent qualities or rather abilities. According to this very notion of behaviourism, we come to know the fact that education or carious learning practices become responsible in shaping the attitude of the individuals. It only takes into account how the external behaviour of the individuals are affected and not the internal or the covert behavioural approach of the individuals (Renninger et al. 2014). The theories of several psychologists portray different philosophical and psychological assumptions. According to the opinion of John Locke (1700s), the mind of an individual human being, when he is a newborn child remains entirely blank like a black board or a black slate that is named by him tabula rasa. It is only after the gradual experiences that the child is able to gain kno wledge. His senses start working with each of the instance ad he or she is continually shaped. According to Ivan Pavlov, one of the well-known psychologists, the methods of classical conditioning can be applied in order to educate and condition the reflex actions of the individuals. Pavlov had undertaken the experiment on the process of salivation of a dog. The dog has been conditioned in such a way that contiguity has been produced. Whenever the dog sees the food, it starts salivating, which is an automatic process. Now, if the food is presented to the dog along with the ringing of the bell simultaneously, then it will gradually condition the reflex action of the dog. Henceforth, the dog will salivate as and when the dog hears the sound of the bell even if the food is not presented simultaneously. Thus, contiguity is the process of learning by association. Therefore, according to Pavlovs theory, it can be stated that the individuals can be conditioned to learn particular responses, even their involuntary actions can be influenced upon. In terms of B.F. Skinners Behaviourism of Consequence, or operant conditioning, the repercussions that certain activities produce determine largely the behaviour of the learners. This concept gets associated with the three steps that involve response and reinforcement. When the individual learners at a school are given opportunities to express their opinions as well as encouraged with rewards and recognitions as a result of good performance, their behaviour illustrate a positive response. On the other hand, punishments will pull out only negative response from the individuals. Thus, reinforcement would likely produce the desirable results rather than the punishments. Similarly, E.L. Thorndike is of the opinion that the learners can learn effectively through the Trial and Error learning theory. It is based on the age-old concept that an individual learns via mistakes and repeated practices. Therefore, a child can effectively learn a certain aspect through repeated trials (Illingworth, 2013). Motivation is one of the most important parts that comprise the emotional intelligence of the individuals. The emotional intelligence is formed together with the emotions and intelligence. When a child grows up and meets various factors of cognition, he develops the capability to regulate his emotions in accordance with the situations. Motivation is the foremost requirement that helps in shaping the behaviour and actions of the individuals. The Expectancy -Value theory states that when the individuals expect to reach their aims and possess interest in certain activities, then they can easily be inspired to set their goals accordingly and go forward with their respective tasks (Carter McCarthy, 2014). A child is easily motivated when he gets the opportunity to satisfy his needs and the situation is such that it suits his demands. When a teacher approaches, the students present in a class, he or she should get acquaint with the needs and attitude of the children. Intrinsic motivation is very much effective in regulating the positive behaviour among the individuals. An individual student may be interested in specific subject and may enjoy learning the same, which may likely fetch him good marks. Intrinsic motivation is thus very important in making the students achieve their respective purpose. Whereas, the factors that trigger the extrinsic behaviour constitute the rewards and incentives, which may motivate the individuals or may not. An educator must always be very alert while deciding the motivators for stirring extrinsic motivation among the learners. Application of extrinsic motivators should be judicious enough so that all the students or the learners engaged in a particular situation are able to feel that they are treated equally and on the basis f their merit and skills, excluding any kind of bias. On one hand, the extrinsic motivators can proficiently raise the possibility of gaining success among the learners. It is a quite usual fact that that we frequently visualize in the educational institutions, especially at schools, that the learners get instigated to perform in their best possible ways as and when they are rewarded , their urge to perform well rises largely(Arndt, 2016). However, often partiality and bias enter the environment and the teachers maintain discrimination among the students instead of judging them in a justifiable manner and giving them the space to explore the possibilities and cherish them. These situations create a adverse or negative consequences out of the attempts to extrinsically motivate the students. Teachers should always strive and make attempts to generate curiosity among the students that can approach their fantasies and wishes. An optimistic attitude on the part of the educators is very important, which will in turn create an urge in the learners to work hard and learn in a cooperative environment. From the given case study in module 2, we come to know that both Jessica and Matt would like to motivate their students, but in different ways. Jessica likes to give her students the opportunity to make verbal presentations on the chosen topic and express their opinions freely after and conduct discussions with their fellow classmates on the same, rather than imposing her own views on them (Brodzinsky Pinderhughes, 2013). On the other end, Matt is of the opinion that rewards in the form of marks can be given to the students depending upon their performance levels so that they try hard to perform well and give their best (Halfon et al.2014). Piaget has viewed children as independent discoverers and learners. He assumes them as little scientists who if left to act on their own without being dependent can discover various facts of life that can help them progress in their lives. He says that children should be allowed to explore and learn in the process. This is associated with the theory of constructivism which says that the children should be encouraged to involve in self regulated learning. The children should be taught in such a way which can match their abilities and they can identify themselves with the same. Piaget has made a commendable contribution to the world of psychology by stating that a child passes through 4 different stages of development. They are Sensori -motor stage, Pre operational stage, Concrete operational stage and Formal operational stage. In the first two stages, the child passes through very tender years and is hardly able to take part in the logically reasoning certain aspects, the child only observes objects and activities around and tries to firm his images accordingly. He is of the opinion that the children since 7 years of age can start understanding and applying the basic logical theories. From 7 to 11 years of age the children come under the concrete operational stage. During this stage, the children can understand conservation and other logical operations and they can try to solve some complex problems. From 11 years of age the children come under the purview of formal operational stage in which the children start entering the adolescent period and can think in a more complex manner as well as find solutions to the problems. They can think even in the abstract ways (Monk et al. 2013). Thus, children should be given adequate scope to develop knowledge and discover the factual aspects of life on their own. However, at the same time we should take into consideration Lev Vygotskys view regarding social constructivism, that says that the social and cultural development play a very important role in shaping the entire personality development of an individual. Lev Vygotsky, also made an outstanding contribution in the arena of education along with the Swiss psychologist Piaget. This Russian psychologist had devised the Social Constructivism theory. He put forth his opinions that a child requires the immediate assistance from the elders members of the society in order to proceed in his or her life. The culture and the customs in which he is born highly influence the positive and negative growth of the child (Adan, 2014). In the given case study in Module 4,it is shown that the Ann who is an education student is trying to incorporate her own methodology in dealing with the students in an Early Childhood centre. She wants to make children perform their activities on their own and come up with certain questions or queries if there are any. However, Ms. Brown, who is the supervising lecturer at the university in which Ann is also engaged, come up with the ideas that defy those of Ms. Brown. Ms. Brown represents or favour the concept stated by Piaget. Therefore, according to Ms. Brown an educator should give enough space to the learners to form their own views rather than interrupting or coming in between their own discoveries or independent view points (Lewis, 2013). Whereas, Ann wants the students to form and develop their own queries while studying, along with the help from the educators or the teachers who guide them. Now, what we see is that this approach of the both the educators may be perfect for the students to pursue their studies unhindered (Barrett, 2016). However, it is Anns position that should be favoured. It is because students or the learners should be given the opportunity to ask questions to their teachers while at the same time discussing among themselves on any particular topic. It creates a healthy atmosphere in the classroom. The students can feel free to interact with each other as well as with their teachers, which required the most. Emotional Intelligence grows in a child as and when he learns to develop that level of cognition that can regulate his or her feeling or intense outflow of emotions (Dabbagh Kitsantas, 2012). It is the knowledge and innate abilities of the individuals that help the students to engage their emotions effectively in the correct manner. This is how the individual learners should fix their emotions. Social relationship and emotions therefore, depend upon each other (Drnyei Ushioda, 2013). The children spend most of their time in the classrooms or in their schools; therefore it becomes the responsibility of the teacher, as I feel to pay heed to the emotions of the children. In the case study which is given in the module 5, it becomes clear that Ms. Love was in favour of encouraging the students through their active participation in different activities that can produce a cooperative and emotionally healthy atmosphere. The methods used by Ms. Love in engaging the various activities according to their likes and dislikes can make them learn not through compulsion that they have to learn. She made the students express themselves with the starters like, I work best when I am...:, When I work on my own I feel.... Thus, individual stances are given the chief value instead of over burdening them to think and react as per the norms of the institution or the educational needs. Ms. Loves point of view and strategies, I feel should be followed in gaining success on the part of any educational institution that strives to form productive relationship between the educators and the learners. Creativity becomes the chief means through the learners can use emotions in productive purposes. Creativity does not remain confined to any particular group of individual or individuals. Creativity defies perfection and it involves various facets. It is not confined to any particular arena, it may switch over from one thought process to another. Therefore, creativity involves confronting experiments, challenges and risks. Conclusion: Thus, it becomes evident and we can infer that both the relationship and between the learners and the educators and its mode determine largely the extent of the social and psychological development of the individuals, that effectively shapes the future progress of a child or an individual learner. References: Monk, C., Georgieff, M. K., Osterholm, E. A. (2013). Research review: maternal prenatal distress and poor nutritionmutually influencing risk factors affecting infant neurocognitive development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(2), 115-130. Vygotsky, L. S. (2014). 3 Genesis of the higher menta functions. Learning to think, 32. Illingworth, R.S., 2013. The development of the infant and the young child: Normal and abnormal. Elsevier Health Sciences. Halfon, N., Larson, K., Lu, M., Tullis, E., Russ, S. (2014). Lifecourse health development: past, present and future. Maternal and child health journal, 18(2), 344-365. Arndt, E.J., 2016. Factors affecting the development of second grade spelling at the teacher, student, and word level. Barrett, M. (2016). The development of language. Psychology Press. Adan, A. I. (2014). Factors influencing child language development in secondary schools in Mandera sub county. Torrazza, R. M., Ukhanova, M., Wang, X., Sharma, R., Hudak, M. L., Neu, J., Mai, V. (2013). Intestinal microbial ecology and environmental factors affecting necrotizing enterocolitis. PloS one, 8(12), e83304. Lewis, M. (2013). Origins of intelligence: Infancy and early childhood. Springer Science Business Media. Smith, P. K., Cowie, H., Blades, M. (2015). Understanding children's development. John Wiley Sons. Brodzinsky, D., Pinderhughes, E. (2013). Parenting and child development in adoptive families. Handbook of parenting, 1, 279-311. Breen, M. P. (Ed.). (2014). Learner contributions to language learning: New directions in research. Routledge. Carter, R., McCarthy, M. (2014). Vocabulary and language teaching. Routledge. Borg, S. (2015). Teacher cognition and language education: Research and practice. Bloomsbury Publishing. Davies, D., Jindal-Snape, D., Collier, C., Digby, R., Hay, P., Howe, A. (2013). Creative learning environments in educationA systematic literature review. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 8, 80-91. Dabbagh, N., Kitsantas, A. (2012). Personal Learning Environments, social media, and self-regulated learning: A natural formula for connecting formal and informal learning. The Internet and higher education, 15(1), 3-8. Alderman, M. K. (2013). Motivation for achievement: Possibilities for teaching and learning. Routledge. Estes, W. K. (2014). Handbook of Learning and Cognitive Processes (Volume 4): Attention and Memory. Psychology Press. Corno, L., Anderman, E. M. (Eds.). (2015). Handbook of educational psychology. Routledge. Drnyei, Z., Ushioda, E. (2013). Teaching and researching: Motivation. Routledge. Renninger, A., Hidi, S., Krapp, A. (2014). The role of interest in learning and development. Psychology Press.

Best Writing Blogs for Aspiring Authors

Best Writing Blogs for Aspiring Authors If youre an aspiring author, you dont have to fly solo. Even if you cant yet afford an agent, coach, or degree, you can find plenty of helpful resources on the Internet. The following websites will help you improve your writing skills, teach you more about your favourite genre, and give you the publishing tips you need to succeed. Write to Done: Unmissable Articles on Writing Write to Done is a collection of helpful articles for writers in all disciplines, from marketing to fiction. If you have a question related to writing, youll most likely find an answer here. Whether you want to learn how to cope with criticism, improve your grammar, generate titles, or write an entire novel, youll get that information here. writetodone.com Daily Writing Tips If the technical aspects of writing plague you, check in at Daily Writing Tips. A sort of online style guide, DWT is run by a team of editors and writers. These professionals publish an article every day on grammar, punctuation, vocabulary, spelling, and general usage and style. Trying to figure out if you need to hyphenate a term or swap your semicolon for a colon? You can look here. dailywritingtips.com Advice to Writers: Writerly Wisdom of the Ages Advice to Writers is the companion site to Advice to Writers: A Compendium of Quotes, Anecdotes, and Writerly Wisdom from a Dazzling Array of Literary Lights. This book was authored by Jon Winokur, a prolific writer who assisted Burt Reynolds and James Garner with their memoirs. The homepage of the site features inspirational quotes from fellow writers. Youll also find links to resources of all types, including dictionaries, interviews with famous authors, other blogs, podcasts, and much more. advicetowriters.com Writers Digest: Write Better, Get Published This comprehensive site offers a number of tools for aspiring authors: competitions, workshops, tutorials, webinars, articles, writing prompts, and links to professionals such as agents and manuscript reviewers. You can also subscribe to the weekly newsletter or frequent the forums and exchange ideas with your peers. writersdigest.com Writers Relief: Authors Submission Service This site is designed for those writers who dont want to be businesspeople. Focus on your craft, and then turn it over to Writers Relief. The staff will generate query letters, proofread your work, submit manuscripts to publishers, track responses, and much more. Choose from one of the multifaceted service plans, and get back to what you do best. writersrelief.com Short Story Flash Fiction Society The Short Story Flash Fiction Society focuses exclusively on brief fiction. On this site, youll find everything you want or need regarding short stories and flash fiction: information on both types of writing, free stories to read, writing contests, guest posts, helpful videos, and a shop offering inexpensive resources to help you write. shortstoryflashfictionsociety.com Romance University: R U Ready? If youve always dreamed of writing the next great Harlequin romance, then Romance University is for you. This site is tailored exclusively to authors of love stories, from the innocent to the erotic. The groups mission is to empower writers, entertain readers, and understand men. (Even if youre not into the romance genre, that last item might be worth checking out!) romanceuniversity.org Science Fiction Fantasy Writers of America SFWA is a professional organization for authors of science fiction, fantasy and related genres. Esteemed past members include Isaac Asimov, Anne McCaffrey, Ray Bradbury, and Andre Norton. The sites own description says it all. Here, you can browse through various blogs and resources, and discover more about various genre awards. Become a member and reap even more benefits. sfwa.org Fantasy Authors Handbook: Advice for Authors of Science Fiction Fantasy Fantasy Authors Handbook is a site that offers a number of helpful posts on the technical aspects of writing your fantasy book. Youll learn how to make the most of Microsoft Word and how to use index cards to outline your story. You can also check out tutorials, links to other sites, and a number of related resources. So stop fantasizing about becoming a renowned writer, and use this site to embark on your journey to authorhood. fantasyhandbook.wordpress.com The Official Blog of the Society of Childrens Book Writers and Illustrators If writing little stories for little people is your calling, dont miss this site. Geared toward childrens literature specialists, the SCBWI blog contains a number of posts by different experts, all aimed at helping you produce high-quality reading materials for youngsters. scbwi.blogspot.com The Internet has made it easier than ever for people to write professionally; however, that fact might be overwhelming to you. With so much information available online, and so much competition, it may be difficult to know where to start. Pick the site that speaks to you and start reading. Youll soon be motivated to make your dream come true.

How To Calculate Avogadros Number Experimentally

How To Calculate Avogadro's Number Experimentally Avogadros number isnt a mathematically derived unit. The number of particles in a mole of a material is determined experimentally. This method uses electrochemistry to make the determination. You may wish to review the working of electrochemical cells before attempting this experiment. Purpose The objective is to make an experimental measurement of Avogadros number. Introduction A mole can be defined as the gram formula mass of a substance or the atomic mass of an element in grams. In this experiment, electron flow (amperage or current) and time are measured in order to obtain the number of electrons passing through the electrochemical cell. The number of atoms in a weighed sample is related to electron flow to calculate Avogadros number. In this electrolytic cell, both electrodes are copper and the electrolyte is 0.5 M H2SO4. During electrolysis, the copper electrode (anode) connected to the positive pin of the power supply loses mass as the copper atoms are converted to copper ions. The loss of mass may be visible as pitting of the surface of the metal electrode. Also, the copper ions pass into the water solution and tint it blue. At the other electrode (cathode), hydrogen gas is liberated at the surface through the reduction of hydrogen ions in the aqueous sulfuric acid solution. The reaction is:2 H(aq) 2 electrons - H2(g)This experiment is based on the mass loss of the copper anode, but it is also possible to collect the hydrogen gas that is evolved and use it to calculate Avogadros number. Materials A direct current source (battery or power supply)Insulated wires and possibly alligator clips to connect the cells2 Electrodes (e.g., strips of copper, nickel, zinc, or iron)250-ml beaker of 0.5 M H2SO4 (sulfuric acid)WaterAlcohol (e.g., methanol or isopropyl alcohol)A small beaker of 6 M HNO3 (nitric acid)Ammeter or multimeterStopwatchAn analytical balance capable of measuring to nearest 0.0001 gram Procedure Obtain two copper electrodes. Clean the electrode to be used as the anode by immersing it in 6 M HNO3 in a fume hood for 2-3 seconds. Remove the electrode promptly or the acid will destroy it. Do not touch the electrode with your fingers. Rinse the electrode with clean tap water. Next, dip the electrode into a beaker of alcohol. Place the electrode onto a paper towel. When the electrode is dry, weigh it on an analytical balance to the nearest 0.0001 gram. The apparatus looks superficially like this diagram of an electrolytic cell except that you are using two beakers connected by an ammeter rather than having the electrodes together in a solution. Take beaker with 0.5 M H2SO4 (corrosive!) and place an electrode in each beaker. Before making any connections be sure the power supply is off and unplugged (or connect the battery last). The power supply is connected to the ammeter in series with the electrodes. The positive pole of the power supply is connected to the anode. The negative pin of the ammeter is connected to the anode (or place the pin in the solution if you are concerned about the change in mass from an alligator clip scratching the copper). The cathode is connected to the positive pin of the ammeter. Finally, the cathode of the electrolytic cell is connected to the negative post of the battery or power supply. Remember, the mass of the anode will begin to change as soon as you turn the power on, so have your stopwatch ready ! You need accurate current and time measurements. The amperage should be recorded at one minute (60 sec) intervals. Be aware that the amperage may vary over the course of the experiment due to changes in the electrolyte solution, temperature, and position of the electrodes. The amperage used in the calculation should be an average of all readings. Allow the current to flow for a minimum of 1020 seconds (17.00 minutes). Measure the time to the nearest second or fraction of a second. After 1020 seconds (or longer) turn off the power supply record the last amperage value and the time. Now you retrieve the anode from the cell, dry it as before by immersing it in alcohol and allowing it to dry on a paper towel, and weigh it. If you wipe the anode you will remove copper from the surface and invalidate your work! If you can, repeat the experiment using the same electrodes. Sample Calculation The following measurements were made: Anode mass lost: 0.3554 grams (g)Current(average): 0.601 amperes (amp)Time of electrolysis: 1802 seconds (s) Remember:One ampere 1 coulomb/second or one amp.s 1 coulombThe charge of one electron is 1.602 x 10-19  coulomb Find the total charge passed through the circuit.(0.601 amp)(1 coul/1amp-s)(1802 s) 1083  coulCalculate the number of electrons in the electrolysis.(1083 coul)(1 electron/1.6022 x 1019coul) 6.759 x 1021  electronsDetermine the number of copper atoms lost from the anode.The electrolysis process consumes two electrons per copper ion formed. Thus, the number of copper (II) ions formed is half the number of electrons.Number of Cu2  ions  ½ number of electrons measuredNumber of Cu2  ions (6.752 x 1021  electrons)(1 Cu2  / 2 electrons)Number of Cu2  ions 3.380 x 1021  Cu2  ionsCalculate the number of copper ions per gram of copper from the number of copper ions above and the mass of copper ions produced.The mass of the copper ions produced is equal to the mass loss of the anode. (The mass of the electrons is so small as to be negligible, so the mass of the copper (II) ions is the same as the mass of copper atoms.)mass loss of electrode mass of Cu2  ions 0.3554 g3.380 x 1021  Cu2  ions / 0.3544g 9.510 x 1021  Cu2  ions/g 9.510 x 1021  Cu atoms/g Calculate the number of copper atoms in a mole of copper, 63.546 grams.Cu atoms/mole of Cu (9.510 x 1021  copper atoms/g copper)(63.546 g/mole copper)Cu atoms/mole of Cu 6.040 x 1023  copper atoms/mole of copperThis is the students  measured  value of  Avogadros  number!Calculate percent error.Absolute error: |6.02 x 1023  - 6.04 x 1023  | 2 x 1021Percent error: (2 x 10 21 / 6.02 x 10 23)(100) 0.3 %

The New Politics of Public Policymaking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The New Politics of Public Policymaking - Essay Example The result of this process is seen in the form of government acts and laws that often indicate some level of skepticism in it (Dionne, pp. 23-49). The policymaking has to go through several steps that include â€Å"establishing agenda, formulation, adoption, implementation, evaluation, and termination† (CliffsNotes, n.p.). However, history shows that very few policies have come to the point of termination (CliffsNotes, n.p). Another important factor that affects this process is financial analysis. The government is responsible for needs to set up financial skill set and its existence guarantees recognition by politicians and bureaucrats of the need for generalist skills in policymaking (Levin, Landy, & Shapiro, 35-47). Collecting survey data must also be within the allotted budget because in order to make effective policies, survey data must be accurate. In 1970s, United States underwent a major energy crisis due to the decline in the oil production and consumed more amount of the worlds energy as compared to its population; this had a tremendous impact on the social and economic situation of the country. In addition to that, the post world war conditions in 1960s had dramatically increased the United States population as a result it had the highest mass standard of living in the world history. All these factors combined gave birth to environmentalism, a movement concerned with the living conditions of creatures on earth. The growth of the movement was further advanced by the adverse conditions and extreme protests of the 60’s, which challenged imperialism, racism, and violence. Despite these diminishing conditions government failed to come up with effective policies as the Nixons Watergate scandal was in full swing, making it hard for them to take productive measures. The publication of books like Betty Friedans The feminine

Has the Obama Health Care Law Affected Floridians For the Better or Essay

Has the Obama Health Care Law Affected Floridians For the Better or the Worst - Essay Example Under the PPAC, the American health insurance sector became a mandatory and dictatorial part of each and every person's life. Health care is no longer optional and anyone who dares to defy the law will be duly punished. The law has been viewed by many to be unconstitutional and a violation of basic human rights. That is why state legislative houses across the country have been doing their best to repeal the law on the state level. One of the states that has been trying to repeal the PPAC because of the far reaching negative effects that it has on the overall population of the state is Florida, under the able leadership of Gov. Rick Scott. In Florida, a state which houses a large number of retirees, 80 % of the retiree population will be looking at higher insurance coverage costs as Obama-care as the PPAC has come to be known, forces the Floridians to purchase health insurance coverage that they either do not need or does not totally apply to their medical needs according to Rajasekhar (2010). The main problem with Obama-care is that even though the legislators had the best intention of the people at heart, they neglected to take the individual needs of every state in their drafting of the law. Most of Florida's population is comprised of retirees who rely mostly on Medicare and Medicaid for their health insurance coverage. Obama-care promised to provide cost savings to the Floridians. However, Rajasekhar (2010) explains that what happened instead is that the law carved out $529 Medicare savings that instead got funneled into other, more expensive health care projects. Such a move cannot serve to benefit the poor Floridians who will be forced to take on Medicaid coverage instead.

Development In Mobile And Internet Technology Media Essay

Development In Mobile And Internet Technology Media Essay Over the past decade internet and mobile technology has advanced considerably. In this assignment I will discuss advancements which created the world in which we live today. I will research advancements such as 4G, wireless networks, fiber optics, PayPal, mobile banking, easy access of information which the internet made available; also I will look into social media which transformed the way we interact with each other. The development of internet is so severe that it funded virtual currency which allows trading virtual currency to real currency, it also funded multiple internet companies who operate solely based on virtual advertising, transfer of funds through the World Wide Web and the development of software to assist themselves and the general public and using internet to the maximum capacity. Also I will take into consideration the way the business had to adapt in the new environment in order to survive its economic and technological change. I will identify the possible future trends for the businesses and the way they will use internet to their advantage. During the research for this assignment I have found that the business which failed to adapt and change has been liquidated, which led to the conclusion that internet and mobile technology is the way of the future. I will provide real life examples to vividly illustrate my discovery and to prove that the developments have shifted the course of history and future developments which lies ahead. Internet Internet ten years ago was not widely accessible throughout the country. Public did not rely on internet with their day to day tasks, there were no such thing as wireless or social media. The lead provider of internet services was Eircom which was a state owned company, it did so through the DSL cables which they had monopoly in. As the country developed leading companies from abroad saw the potential in Ireland and the monopoly which Eircom had. Swedish companies such as UPC have invested significantly over the past decade in technology which increased the quality and the speed of the internet. In the decade they have completely dominated the market with their fiber optic technology. With the technological advancements in Ireland, other companies have emerged. Ireland was in the fast lane. With the wide market gaps and a tremendous amount of customers other advancements became available such as internet banking, money transfer and unlimited amount of information available to each individual. With increased detachment with the real world, people now seek entertainment in the comfort of their own home. YouTube © Google Inc.  ® which solely provides internet software has developed an extraordinary website called YouTube ©, which the main purpose is to allow the user to freely share their thoughts which are recorded on the video. The success of YouTube © demonstrates that the internet has created a new market. YouTube © is regularly used across the world each day, music is a huge feature. It contains many music videos of all the song artists across the world. It is not only used for music but also used to for people who want to express their beliefs or feelings, news coverage and also sports highlights. It is one of the most used websites in the world. Internet Banking In previous years the way that people have banked was they had to go to the a specific branch in which they had their account in order to perform a simple tasks such as transferring of money, checking balances, lodging cheques. People usually have to wait in queues which were no time efficient. This has developed significantly within the last decade, now with internet banking you can now transfer money and check your balance anywhere with connection to the internet. This is a very useful way now for people whenever they are on the go and have no time to check into their local branch. Internet banking has proved to be very successful. Wireless Access Ten years ago to provide internet you needed wires to serve. It could be seen as very messy, clumsy and quite dangerous. With the development of wireless access this means internet can be provided without any wires as long there is a good connection. A wireless access point is a device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network using Wi-Fi. Wi-Fi allows cheaper distribution of local area networks. Overtime this has proved to be a much easier way of access to the internet and a much quicker way. PayPalâ„ ¢ PayPalâ„ ¢ is a global e-commerce business allowing payments and money transfers throughout the internet. As of 2011, PayPalâ„ ¢ operates in one hundred and ninety markets and manages more that two hundred and thirty two million accounts, more than one hundred million of them active. PayPalâ„ ¢ allows customers to send, receive and hold funds in twenty six currencies worldwide. Social Media A decade ago there wasnt much websites on the internet which provided a social side. All there was day to day conversations and text messages. This has been one of the most rapid developments in the last ten years. Social sites such as Facebook ® and Twitter ® have completely dominated the World Wide Web and are one of the most frequent used websites across the world. These websites allow people to interact with another through communication on the web using different functions the website may contain. They also allow you to share your thought, express your beliefs or feelings, and post blogs about whatever you may feel. Mobile Technology A decade ago public did not have access to mobile technology. People had only landlines, if a person requires reaching another person; he must have done so in person which meant that when they planned meetings or social events they had to do it in advance. If there was a change in plans, the only way to communicate was landline which proved to be inefficient. Finnish company Nokia © had developed device which we call mobile. Through the years mobiles became more and more accessible, which dramatically changed the way we communicate and socialize. Now the current generation can communicate freely without barriers throughout the world which was not possible a decade ago, it revamped our social skills. Young adults prefer to communicate through text messages, hence making the landlines inferior products. The major developments in mobile technology include: mobile internet, mobile banking, mobile advancements and social media Mobile Internet Mobile internet provides a lot of access to many applications and websites. It is usually very quick and provides all the information the internet at home would. Another benefit of mobile internet would be that it can be used anywhere on the go, giving you a lot of freedom, so if you are stuck for information you can use your mobile device to use the internet. Communication is also vital in mobile internet as it allows you to connect to multiple services provided by the internet. This allows you to communicate and interact with each other outside using mobile internet. Mobile Banking Mobile banking is and easy way of transferring money and checking your balance. It will work if you have internet and is hassle free and can be accessed by one touch of a button. More features of mobile banking would be that it is very quick and can be used everywhere providing there is a strong internet connection. Technology within the last ten years has been so drastic that there is no need to go to your branch anymore as the internet provides all the answers. Along with providing your details, mobile banking provides useful numbers you can use to contact a person incase if any queries you may have. Mobile Advancements Apple, Inc. Within the last ten years Apple, Inc. has increased their popularity significantly providing multiple handheld devices that can be used anywhere and on the go. The release of the iPod Touch, iPhone and iPad were so big, every time it went on sale it would sell out quickly across the world. Mobile phones have come so far this past decade, from phones where it was only possible to ring on to iPhones which provide the functions of a normal mobile phone and an iPod Touch put together. It would contain an entire music playlist along with other applications such as news, entertainment, sports and gaming. Touch screen Ten years ago mobile devices could only be used by buttons. With the success of Apple, Inc. many phone companies now start to make to touch screen phones, and some phones may have buttons and touch screen. Development of mobile phones has been so phenomenal that by the touch of your fingers you can use the phone and the applications it contains. Games Advancements in gaming has also been huge. More than a decade ago all you could do on your old Nokia © was play snake. As phones have developed throughout the years, it is now possible that multiple games can be downloaded on your phones. Gaming on phones is also a good way of passing time and most games you download onto your phone you dont need internet so you can play them anywhere you like for free. Social Media Social media on phones has dramatically elevated within the past decade. The only options on a mobile phone were either phone calls or text messaging. With the latest mobile phones out now you can download applications which allow you use social networking sites such as Facebook ®, Twitter ® and Instagram ®. This allows people to access their accounts as the internet on a computer would. This is so basic that there sometimes isnt need to use the computer as using your phonies quicker and saving time. Other phone applications such as Viberâ„ ¢ ad Whatsappâ„ ¢ allows you to talk to your contacts for free, share pictures and call each other for free. Along with the text messaging process mobile phones these days have plenty of social media attached to it as it provides a load of access to your family and friends. Conclusion In conclusion I have found the internet and mobile technology has advanced remarkably over this past decade. The most momentous advancements which I found to be are internet websites such as YouTube © and social media websites such as Facebook ® and Twitter ®. These companies have benefited significantly within the last ten years and are they are together the most used websites in the world. Mobile technology in the last ten years has also advanced dramatically. Mobile banking has been massive as it allows you check all your details anywhere, also with mobile advancements such as a brand like Apple, Inc have created phone which combine the characters of a normal phone and features such as a selection of music and downloading applications such as news, gaming and sport. Hence I can now say that mobile and internet technology has advanced considerably within the last ten years and will continue to improve in the next ten years.

Art of War By Sun Tzu Reaction Paper Essay

Sun Tzu has developed a tactics on how to handle war properly with strategy and tactics. In his book Sun Tzu about the art of war I learned a lot of techniques on how to wage and win a war. He elaborated a lot of ways how to defeat our enemy but for me not all of his writings about war are applicable knowing that time and situation are changing. For me there are no external wisdom can tell us how to act because even previous successful models and theories are not effective anymore in the realities of the present scenario. But still I learned a lot from Sun Tzu like how to become a good and effective general I can relate this on my affiliation as an officer in JSWAP and as a class president because as a leader we should make strategy or plans that will help us achieved our goals. Like being a general they must be wise enough to create, organize and train their soldiers in order defeat there enemy. There are certain guidelines and rules which Sun Tzu developed based on his experienced on war. The first and most important area of waging a war is planning in this area the general must be critical thinker in laying his plans on how to defeat their enemies. Like my experiences as a student before taking an exam at school I always plan how to pass the exam so I study and do some readings and part of planning knows if my learning and knowledge is good enough to pass the exam. Like in war the general must know if they can defeat their enemy or they will be defeated by their enemy. Analysis and logic at this stage is pretty import and essential. The leader must have a good instinct in knowing that either they win or lose the battle. The troops must be well trained and always ready Sun Tzu mention that it is good that the soldiers must have keen mood because it has a good impact in defeating their enemies. Like in my studies I only do my assignment and task well if I’m in the mood because our mood have an impact in all we do. When I was reading the Art of War by Sun Tzu there are question the keep popping up in my mind, is this writing relevant to women and if during their time women our part in the battle as a warrior. Is it possible that women  can be a general or a commander especially in our present society and what are the different in men and women as a general? After a few minutes of analyzing I arrived in a certain truth that women can also be a general in their own ways because the main principle of Sun Tzu is to win a war without warfare. It’s just like mothers who discipline their child without using violence but only use the model of punishment and reinforcement. I can also relate this Art of War by Sun Tzu in our subject who also deals with management but in different ways like Art of War it talks about how to have effective management in waging a war. I can also relate it in my daily life struggles because sometimes in war or in our own life we choose to surrender and retreat but I believed that it does not mean that I am weak. Sometimes I need to surrender or retreat when it seems I have big probability of losing a battle by our problem or our enemy. When I decide to surrender or retreat it only signifies that I have better plans in defeating my enemies. Sometimes when we know that we cannot win a fight we should retreat and find other ways on how to defeat our enemy in short we need to give time in our training to make us more stronger and make sure that we have enough resources, strategy and as well as manpower in order to defeat all our enemy and may odds favour our battle.

A Simulation Of Sustainability In Urban Environments Environmental Sciences Essay

In 1987 the World Commission on Environment and Development, ( WCED 1987 ) stated that â€Å" Humanity has the ability to do development sustainable to guarantee that it meets the demands of the present without compromising the ability of future coevalss to run into their ain demands † . There Out of the many definitions of sustainability this profound statement has become the most widely accepted. It is what these demands are, how we impact upon them and how out impact can be measured or assessed that raises the most argument. ( Parkin et al. 2003 ) Sustainability is frequently symbolised utilizing three over lapping circles ( fig 1 ) , stand foring the three facets of sustainability ( society, economic system and environment ) . However this simple diagram over simplifies the complex interactions which occur between the facets and the big figure of indexs which are used to mensurate our impact. Unless these complex interactions are clearly understood by all the stakeholders it would be impossible to to the full measure the sustainability of any development ( Foxon et al. 2002 ) . A figure of determination support tools have been created to help determination shapers in accomplishing sustainable urban developments. There has been immense attempt and resources put into making DSTs, yet despite this most are seldom used due to either the complexness of their operation or the complexness of their end product ( Isaacs et al. 2007 ) . It is hence believed that there is a demand for new determination support tools that can cover with the complexness of urban design and which go beyond the proficient orientation of old tools ( Sahota & A ; Jeffery 2005 ) to enable a robust appraisal of sustainability within the decision-making procedures. Visual image has been used to help determination devising in a figure of Fieldss including increasing the safety and effectivity of oil boring in the oil and gas industry ( Evans et al. 2002 ) , visualizing medical informations ( Fuchs et al. 1989 ) and battlefield simulations ( Hix et al. 1999 ) . Geographic Information systems are presently the most extensively used visual image platform for determination devising. â€Å" GIS is now a standard point in contrivers ‘ tool kits † ( Drummond & A ; Gallic 2008 ) and there are many illustrations its usage in urban planning and determination devising over the last 20 old ages ( Harris & A ; Elmes 1993 ; Stevens et Al. 2007 ; States 2000 ; Shiffer 1998 ; Lodha & A ; Verma 2000 ) . Traditionally GIS provides the user with a synergistic information researching interface which allows them to cover a figure of different maps onto a 2D surface and allows the user to carry on complex geospatial analysis ( Salter et al. 2009 ) . Howe ver it has been shown ( Lowe 2004 ; Lowe 2003 ) that many non-expert stakeholders have great trouble in decoding and understanding scientific shows and maps. Due to its complexness and high acquisition curve GIS requires the user â€Å" to believe like a geographic information scientist † ( Clarke 2001 ) and is still considered to be a hard to utilize, adept tool ( Traynor & A ; Williams 1995 ) . Its usage in determination devising has made it hard for non expert stakeholders, particularly the general populace, to take part to the full in be aftering determinations ( Salter et al. 2009 ; Al-Kodmany 2002 ) . Most GIS systems are purely 2D, covering with geospatial informations being draped over a map or other geographical representation. While experts can imagine the ocular impact of a proposed development from this program view it is really hard for person non trained in the usage of GIS to make this. This can take to non-expert stakeholder non to the full understanding the effects of the determinations being made and go forth them with an unintended positive or negative position of the planned development ( Danahy et al. 1999 ) . 3D representations nevertheless allow users to rapidly recognize the spacial context of the determination and besides to orientate their position of the proposed development ( Danahy et al. 1999 ) . Peoples develop the ability to voyage and visually process 3D representations of urban environments on a bomber witting degree throughout their lives as they walk through existent universe metropoliss ( Charters et al. 2002 ) . This sub witting ability means that t he user will non hold to work to visualize the development but can concentrate on the determination, and the effects of the determination, being made. SCITY VT S-City VT ( sustainable metropolis visual image tool ) is a paradigm determination support application that is designed to let a wider scope of stakeholders input into the sustainability planning procedure by leting the stakeholders to compare different scenarios utilizing a usage designed simulation and visual image engine. Figure 1: Visual image techniques used in S-City VT The visual image engine utilises a split screen rendering attack which allows the user, utilizing any of the techniques, to compare two scenarios side by side throughout the life rhythm of the development. A figure of visual image techniques have been used to expose the consequences of the implicit in simulation engine which allows the user to non merely compare the external visual aspect of the different scenarios but besides the comparative sustainability of each scenario. As already discussed traditional GIS does non supply a realistic physical representation of the metropolis or development being studied. CAD system do enable the creative activity of 3D theoretical accounts which provide the user with a realistic representation of the edifices and the developments ( Al-Kodmany 2002 ) , nevertheless CAD systems provide no ability to cover extra informations and supply small context out with the edifice or country being studied. The visual image engine combines GIS and 3D urban theoretical accounts and embeds the 3D theoretical accounts in the environing landscape to contextualise the urban country that is undergoing sustainability appraisal. The ability to visualize portion of the metropolis that is undergoing the development or regeneration within the wider metropolis context is likely to better battle with the communicating tool and convey a greater degree of engagement from all participants in the planning procedure ( Levy 1995 ) Fig 4: 3D representation of proposed development within the city-wide context. The usage engine allows the user to hold synergistic control enabling the user to see the proposed development from any imaginable point of view. This allows the user to go to the full immersed in the proposed development, to a much greater grade than 2D programs, GIS, or rendered 3D stills. As has already been shown ( Isaacs et al. 2010a ) S City VT provides the user with a feasible representation of the existent development. Design to Virtual RealityBlendingFig 5: Overview of the index blending technique The blending technique, as shown in figure 5, merely takes the all the sustainability steps for each index, calculated by the bomber system and ANP theoretical accounts, unite them into a individual value. This valued is so mapped to a individual coloring material graduated table. The coloring material graduated table used can be selected from a figure of color graduated tables known for their discriminating abilities ( Levkowitz & A ; Herman 1992 ) these include the het object, magenta, local optimised, and spectral. Using the hot-cold graduated table demonstrated in figure 5 a edifice or floor with high comparative sustainability would look blue while a edifice with low sustainability would look ruddy. This method gives a individual index of sustainability and provides the easiest manner of comparing the comparative sustainability of different options or scenarios.WeavingFig 6: Overview of the index weaving technique Whilst the blending technique, combines the index values, the weaving technique ( figure 6 ) efforts to continue some of the implicit in information so that the user can still place which indexs or bunch are doing the greatest consequence ( negative or positive ) on the sustainability of the edifice. The coloring material weaving technique ( Hagh-Shenas et al. 2007 ) uses a different coloring material graduated table for each index ( figure 6 ) to try to continue this information. The colors from each graduated table are so indiscriminately weaved into a hodgepodge like texture which is applied to each floor of the edifice. The size of the squares or spots in the weave can besides be changed depending on the user ‘s penchants. A little spot size will give an overall representation of the sustainability, with darker sunglassess stand foring low sustainability and lighter sunglassess stand foring higher sustainability. A larger spot size will let user to place rapidly which colou rs stand out the most, and hence which indexs are holding the greatest impact.Traditional Graphical TechniquesRadar graphs, figure 7, let the stakeholder to compare the sustainability of different edifices based on the index values. The form, size, coloring material and point values will be different for each edifice leting a elaborate comparing. Fig7: Comparision of scenarios utilizing traditional radio detection and ranging graphs and coloring material weaving. Parallel coordinates allow the user to compare all index values for all the edifices in a scenario ( fihure 8 ) . Buildings can be selected and their hint in the graph is highlighted. The colors in the graph correspond to those in the blending technique. Fig 8: Parallel co-ordinate graph for sample development. Simple temporal graphs secret plan the all the index values over the life clip of the development. These allow the user to place the interconnectivity of the indexs and to place where and why sudden alterations occur ( figure 9 ) . Fig 9: Index graph demoing alterations in 6 indexs over clip.Real Time SimulationThe index patterning involves developing bomber theoretical accounts that define how each of the indexs vary over infinite and clip. The S-City VT application is built utilizing a modular model supplying flexibleness and leting index theoretical accounts to be changed. For the paradigm application six sustainability index theoretical accounts ( credence, lodging proviso, energy efficiency, noise pollution, employment and economic benefit ) have been developed four of which are described below:Energy EfficiencyThe energy efficiency theoretical account is based on the Nation Calculation Method ( NCM ) which is the industry criterion leting energy efficiency of edifices to be determined ( BRE 2009 ) . The NCM method takes into history a broad scope of factors, including figure of room accesss, Windowss glazing type, exterior building, figure of floors etc, to bring forth a metric depicting the energy effici ency the edifice. A NCM study was developed utilizing the NCM tool, stand foring the typical edifices in the development for a figure of different options including external visual aspect and different mixes of edifice usage. Fig2: Graph demoing temporal alterations in sustainability index due monthly energy fluctuations. This information is input to the energy efficiency theoretical account and attenuated with the temporal energy ingestion informations ( BIS 2009 ) which reflects how the energy usage of the edifices change depending on the clip of twelvemonth. ( fig 2 ) shows how the sustainability index alterations as a map of clip for a 2 different constructing types with different utilizations ( glass, commercial and brick, residential ) .Noise PollutionThe noise theoretical account calculates the degrees of traffic noise geting at each edifice and can besides cipher the proportion of people that will happen certain degrees of noise a nuisance. Datas about the jutting traffic flows for the waterfront development were sourced from Dundee metropolis councils Dundee Waterfront Traffic & A ; Signing Report ( White Young Green 2007 ) . For each route in the proposed development a noise degree is calculated utilizing its projected hourly traffic flow. Using a map provided in CRT ( 1988 ) , ( equation 1 ) this traffic flow can be transformed into a noise degree which corresponds to how loud, in dBs ( dubnium ( A ) ) , the traffic noise is if the hearer were standing about 10 meters off from the route side. equation 1 A noise degree associated at each edifice based on the traffic volume is calculated based on the shortest distance ( vitamin D ) between the noise beginning ( route ) and the edifice utilizing Euclidean geometry. The sound degree emanating from each route is obtained by rectifying the basic noise degree utilizing equation 2. The equation besides includes the tallness ( H ) of the hearer which is changeless in these computations. ( CRTN 1988 ) equation 2 To find the entire noise degree received by the edifice the corrected noise from each route must be summed over n roads in the development ( equation 3 ) equation 3 Each edifice will now hold a noise degree value stand foring the entire degree of noise associated with that edifices location in relation to the roads and their projected traffic flows. Our sustainability step is achieved by normalizing the noise degree ( 0-100 graduated table as before ) and using a non additive map ( equation 4 ( Highways Agency 1994 ) ) , this calculates the per centum of people that will be bothered by a specific degree of noise. equation 4Economic BenefitThe economic theoretical account utilises a discounted hard currency flow computation to find the worth of a edifices current hard currency flow for a specific point in clip. The computation uses a price reduction rate which allows the hard currency flows to be discounted back to their present worth. equation 5 Where CF = hard currency flow for that twelvemonth. R = price reduction rate for that twelvemonth. t = the twelvemonth. In the equation the capital cost for the building of the first edifice is represented by CF0. Capital costs of subsequent edifices will be discounted to this point clip. e.g. the capital cost of a edifice built two old ages after the initial edifice would be discounted utilizing. Each edifice in the simulation has a site readying and building stage, during this clip the hard currency flow in for that period is taken every bit 0 as the edifice would non yet be sold or rented. The simulation is able to reflect the differences between hard currency flows for rented and sold edifices. Buildings which are sold will take a big income at the point of sale. As the edifice has been sold farther hard currency flows for this edifice will be 0. The price reduction factor will besides use to the sale income so for two edifices of tantamount value, a edifice sold in twelvemonth one will hold a higher present value than constructing sold in twelvemonth 10. As the edifice has been sold the upkeep and care of the edifice will be borne by the purchaser and so it non modelled here. Buildings which are rented will take a smaller income every twelvemonth. Rented edifices may hold a rent free period, to promote renters, and will hold a laic period between rentals, during these tim es the hard currency flow for that period will be 0. A price reduction factor is applied to the annual income to find its present value, once more based on the building twelvemonth of the first building.. Fig 3: PV for a individual edifice, built in twelvemonth 0, demoing differences between leased and sold income with different price reduction rates. The initial cost of the edifices are calculated utilizing the edifice type ( e.g. residential, commercial, retail, societal ) and the cost per square meter for that type of edifice. The income from sale or rent is similarly calculated utilizing the jutting income for that type of edifice. These values were sourced from the SET economic study on the waterfront development ( Buchanan 2006 ) . The maximal and minimal valleies are so mapped onto 0 100 and linearly interpolated.CredenceAcceptance corresponds to the credence of possible edifice utilizations within the development. The masterplan for Dundee has been developed and it was possible through treatment with Dundee council to find the possible edifice utilizations which are under reappraisal and included commercial office infinite, retail units, cafe/bar/restaurant and residential infinite. The edifice usage study used a superior system where the participant was asked to rank possible edifice utilizations in order of penchant. If the participant had no penchant between the edifice uses at each rank the proportions chosen at each rank would be equal. To find if this is the instance Friedman trial was performed utilizing SPSS on the average rank of each edifice usage, with the void hypothesis being that the average ranks will be equal. Ranks Mean Rank Commercial 3.37 Retail 2.51 Leisure 1.54 Residential 2.58 Test Statistics a Sample Size 106 Chi-Square 107.264 df 3 Significance. .000 a. Friedman Test The consequences of the Friedman trial show that there is a important difference ( p & lt ; 0.001 ) between how the users ranked the different edifice utilizations. Combined with post-hoc analysis of the consequences it is possible to pattern the acceptableness edifice uses in the undermentioned order ; Leisure ( highest ranked ) , Retail & A ; Residential ( equal ranked ) and Commercial ( Lowest Ranked ) . To make a sustainability index for the acceptableness of each edifice these rankings are mapped onto a 0-100 graduated table, with Leisure at 100 ( highest sustainability ) , Retail & A ; Residential at 50 and Commercial ( lowest sustainability ) at 0.MULTICRITERIA OPINION ANALYSISOne of the jobs with traditional sustainability appraisal is affecting the positions and experiences of a broad scope of stakeholders ( ( Isaacs et al. 2010b ) , . Many of the traditional methods of aggregating index values, such as Multi Attribute Utility Theory ( MAUT ) , lack transparence go forthing the users in a place where they do non to the full understand how the resulting weightings have been derived ( Dodgson et al. 2009 ; Paracchini et Al. 2008 ) . The Analytic Network Process ( ANP ) method uses synergistic web constructions which give a more holistic representation of the overall job ( Saaty 2006 ) . Components of the job are connected, as appropriate, in braces with directed lines imitating the influence of one constituent over another. The constituents in a web may besides be regarded as elements that interact and influence each other in respect to a specific property. ( Saaty 2006 ) . To execute a ANP analysis the determination shaper must place the web through analysis of the job to be solved. The determination shaper must place the bunchs, elements and the relationships and interactions between them ( Bottero et al. 2007 ) . Once the determination shaper has constructed the web to be analysed they must now make a supermatrix depicting the interactions defined in the theoretical account ( Gencer and Gurpinar 2007 ) . The supermatrix is created utilizing the cardinal graduated table and pair-wise method every interaction is described in footings of every component it interacts with ( Saaty 1999 ) . 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