Development In Mobile And Internet Technology Media Essay

Development In Mobile And Internet Technology Media Essay Over the past decade internet and mobile technology has advanced considerably. In this assignment I will discuss advancements which created the world in which we live today. I will research advancements such as 4G, wireless networks, fiber optics, PayPal, mobile banking, easy access of information which the internet made available; also I will look into social media which transformed the way we interact with each other. The development of internet is so severe that it funded virtual currency which allows trading virtual currency to real currency, it also funded multiple internet companies who operate solely based on virtual advertising, transfer of funds through the World Wide Web and the development of software to assist themselves and the general public and using internet to the maximum capacity. Also I will take into consideration the way the business had to adapt in the new environment in order to survive its economic and technological change. I will identify the possible future trends for the businesses and the way they will use internet to their advantage. During the research for this assignment I have found that the business which failed to adapt and change has been liquidated, which led to the conclusion that internet and mobile technology is the way of the future. I will provide real life examples to vividly illustrate my discovery and to prove that the developments have shifted the course of history and future developments which lies ahead. Internet Internet ten years ago was not widely accessible throughout the country. Public did not rely on internet with their day to day tasks, there were no such thing as wireless or social media. The lead provider of internet services was Eircom which was a state owned company, it did so through the DSL cables which they had monopoly in. As the country developed leading companies from abroad saw the potential in Ireland and the monopoly which Eircom had. Swedish companies such as UPC have invested significantly over the past decade in technology which increased the quality and the speed of the internet. In the decade they have completely dominated the market with their fiber optic technology. With the technological advancements in Ireland, other companies have emerged. Ireland was in the fast lane. With the wide market gaps and a tremendous amount of customers other advancements became available such as internet banking, money transfer and unlimited amount of information available to each individual. With increased detachment with the real world, people now seek entertainment in the comfort of their own home. YouTube © Google Inc.  ® which solely provides internet software has developed an extraordinary website called YouTube ©, which the main purpose is to allow the user to freely share their thoughts which are recorded on the video. The success of YouTube © demonstrates that the internet has created a new market. YouTube © is regularly used across the world each day, music is a huge feature. It contains many music videos of all the song artists across the world. It is not only used for music but also used to for people who want to express their beliefs or feelings, news coverage and also sports highlights. It is one of the most used websites in the world. Internet Banking In previous years the way that people have banked was they had to go to the a specific branch in which they had their account in order to perform a simple tasks such as transferring of money, checking balances, lodging cheques. People usually have to wait in queues which were no time efficient. This has developed significantly within the last decade, now with internet banking you can now transfer money and check your balance anywhere with connection to the internet. This is a very useful way now for people whenever they are on the go and have no time to check into their local branch. Internet banking has proved to be very successful. Wireless Access Ten years ago to provide internet you needed wires to serve. It could be seen as very messy, clumsy and quite dangerous. With the development of wireless access this means internet can be provided without any wires as long there is a good connection. A wireless access point is a device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network using Wi-Fi. Wi-Fi allows cheaper distribution of local area networks. Overtime this has proved to be a much easier way of access to the internet and a much quicker way. PayPalâ„ ¢ PayPalâ„ ¢ is a global e-commerce business allowing payments and money transfers throughout the internet. As of 2011, PayPalâ„ ¢ operates in one hundred and ninety markets and manages more that two hundred and thirty two million accounts, more than one hundred million of them active. PayPalâ„ ¢ allows customers to send, receive and hold funds in twenty six currencies worldwide. Social Media A decade ago there wasnt much websites on the internet which provided a social side. All there was day to day conversations and text messages. This has been one of the most rapid developments in the last ten years. Social sites such as Facebook ® and Twitter ® have completely dominated the World Wide Web and are one of the most frequent used websites across the world. These websites allow people to interact with another through communication on the web using different functions the website may contain. They also allow you to share your thought, express your beliefs or feelings, and post blogs about whatever you may feel. Mobile Technology A decade ago public did not have access to mobile technology. People had only landlines, if a person requires reaching another person; he must have done so in person which meant that when they planned meetings or social events they had to do it in advance. If there was a change in plans, the only way to communicate was landline which proved to be inefficient. Finnish company Nokia © had developed device which we call mobile. Through the years mobiles became more and more accessible, which dramatically changed the way we communicate and socialize. Now the current generation can communicate freely without barriers throughout the world which was not possible a decade ago, it revamped our social skills. Young adults prefer to communicate through text messages, hence making the landlines inferior products. The major developments in mobile technology include: mobile internet, mobile banking, mobile advancements and social media Mobile Internet Mobile internet provides a lot of access to many applications and websites. It is usually very quick and provides all the information the internet at home would. Another benefit of mobile internet would be that it can be used anywhere on the go, giving you a lot of freedom, so if you are stuck for information you can use your mobile device to use the internet. Communication is also vital in mobile internet as it allows you to connect to multiple services provided by the internet. This allows you to communicate and interact with each other outside using mobile internet. Mobile Banking Mobile banking is and easy way of transferring money and checking your balance. It will work if you have internet and is hassle free and can be accessed by one touch of a button. More features of mobile banking would be that it is very quick and can be used everywhere providing there is a strong internet connection. Technology within the last ten years has been so drastic that there is no need to go to your branch anymore as the internet provides all the answers. Along with providing your details, mobile banking provides useful numbers you can use to contact a person incase if any queries you may have. Mobile Advancements Apple, Inc. Within the last ten years Apple, Inc. has increased their popularity significantly providing multiple handheld devices that can be used anywhere and on the go. The release of the iPod Touch, iPhone and iPad were so big, every time it went on sale it would sell out quickly across the world. Mobile phones have come so far this past decade, from phones where it was only possible to ring on to iPhones which provide the functions of a normal mobile phone and an iPod Touch put together. It would contain an entire music playlist along with other applications such as news, entertainment, sports and gaming. Touch screen Ten years ago mobile devices could only be used by buttons. With the success of Apple, Inc. many phone companies now start to make to touch screen phones, and some phones may have buttons and touch screen. Development of mobile phones has been so phenomenal that by the touch of your fingers you can use the phone and the applications it contains. Games Advancements in gaming has also been huge. More than a decade ago all you could do on your old Nokia © was play snake. As phones have developed throughout the years, it is now possible that multiple games can be downloaded on your phones. Gaming on phones is also a good way of passing time and most games you download onto your phone you dont need internet so you can play them anywhere you like for free. Social Media Social media on phones has dramatically elevated within the past decade. The only options on a mobile phone were either phone calls or text messaging. With the latest mobile phones out now you can download applications which allow you use social networking sites such as Facebook ®, Twitter ® and Instagram ®. This allows people to access their accounts as the internet on a computer would. This is so basic that there sometimes isnt need to use the computer as using your phonies quicker and saving time. Other phone applications such as Viberâ„ ¢ ad Whatsappâ„ ¢ allows you to talk to your contacts for free, share pictures and call each other for free. Along with the text messaging process mobile phones these days have plenty of social media attached to it as it provides a load of access to your family and friends. Conclusion In conclusion I have found the internet and mobile technology has advanced remarkably over this past decade. The most momentous advancements which I found to be are internet websites such as YouTube © and social media websites such as Facebook ® and Twitter ®. These companies have benefited significantly within the last ten years and are they are together the most used websites in the world. Mobile technology in the last ten years has also advanced dramatically. Mobile banking has been massive as it allows you check all your details anywhere, also with mobile advancements such as a brand like Apple, Inc have created phone which combine the characters of a normal phone and features such as a selection of music and downloading applications such as news, gaming and sport. Hence I can now say that mobile and internet technology has advanced considerably within the last ten years and will continue to improve in the next ten years.

Art of War By Sun Tzu Reaction Paper Essay

Sun Tzu has developed a tactics on how to handle war properly with strategy and tactics. In his book Sun Tzu about the art of war I learned a lot of techniques on how to wage and win a war. He elaborated a lot of ways how to defeat our enemy but for me not all of his writings about war are applicable knowing that time and situation are changing. For me there are no external wisdom can tell us how to act because even previous successful models and theories are not effective anymore in the realities of the present scenario. But still I learned a lot from Sun Tzu like how to become a good and effective general I can relate this on my affiliation as an officer in JSWAP and as a class president because as a leader we should make strategy or plans that will help us achieved our goals. Like being a general they must be wise enough to create, organize and train their soldiers in order defeat there enemy. There are certain guidelines and rules which Sun Tzu developed based on his experienced on war. The first and most important area of waging a war is planning in this area the general must be critical thinker in laying his plans on how to defeat their enemies. Like my experiences as a student before taking an exam at school I always plan how to pass the exam so I study and do some readings and part of planning knows if my learning and knowledge is good enough to pass the exam. Like in war the general must know if they can defeat their enemy or they will be defeated by their enemy. Analysis and logic at this stage is pretty import and essential. The leader must have a good instinct in knowing that either they win or lose the battle. The troops must be well trained and always ready Sun Tzu mention that it is good that the soldiers must have keen mood because it has a good impact in defeating their enemies. Like in my studies I only do my assignment and task well if I’m in the mood because our mood have an impact in all we do. When I was reading the Art of War by Sun Tzu there are question the keep popping up in my mind, is this writing relevant to women and if during their time women our part in the battle as a warrior. Is it possible that women  can be a general or a commander especially in our present society and what are the different in men and women as a general? After a few minutes of analyzing I arrived in a certain truth that women can also be a general in their own ways because the main principle of Sun Tzu is to win a war without warfare. It’s just like mothers who discipline their child without using violence but only use the model of punishment and reinforcement. I can also relate this Art of War by Sun Tzu in our subject who also deals with management but in different ways like Art of War it talks about how to have effective management in waging a war. I can also relate it in my daily life struggles because sometimes in war or in our own life we choose to surrender and retreat but I believed that it does not mean that I am weak. Sometimes I need to surrender or retreat when it seems I have big probability of losing a battle by our problem or our enemy. When I decide to surrender or retreat it only signifies that I have better plans in defeating my enemies. Sometimes when we know that we cannot win a fight we should retreat and find other ways on how to defeat our enemy in short we need to give time in our training to make us more stronger and make sure that we have enough resources, strategy and as well as manpower in order to defeat all our enemy and may odds favour our battle.

A Simulation Of Sustainability In Urban Environments Environmental Sciences Essay

In 1987 the World Commission on Environment and Development, ( WCED 1987 ) stated that â€Å" Humanity has the ability to do development sustainable to guarantee that it meets the demands of the present without compromising the ability of future coevalss to run into their ain demands † . There Out of the many definitions of sustainability this profound statement has become the most widely accepted. It is what these demands are, how we impact upon them and how out impact can be measured or assessed that raises the most argument. ( Parkin et al. 2003 ) Sustainability is frequently symbolised utilizing three over lapping circles ( fig 1 ) , stand foring the three facets of sustainability ( society, economic system and environment ) . However this simple diagram over simplifies the complex interactions which occur between the facets and the big figure of indexs which are used to mensurate our impact. Unless these complex interactions are clearly understood by all the stakeholders it would be impossible to to the full measure the sustainability of any development ( Foxon et al. 2002 ) . A figure of determination support tools have been created to help determination shapers in accomplishing sustainable urban developments. There has been immense attempt and resources put into making DSTs, yet despite this most are seldom used due to either the complexness of their operation or the complexness of their end product ( Isaacs et al. 2007 ) . It is hence believed that there is a demand for new determination support tools that can cover with the complexness of urban design and which go beyond the proficient orientation of old tools ( Sahota & A ; Jeffery 2005 ) to enable a robust appraisal of sustainability within the decision-making procedures. Visual image has been used to help determination devising in a figure of Fieldss including increasing the safety and effectivity of oil boring in the oil and gas industry ( Evans et al. 2002 ) , visualizing medical informations ( Fuchs et al. 1989 ) and battlefield simulations ( Hix et al. 1999 ) . Geographic Information systems are presently the most extensively used visual image platform for determination devising. â€Å" GIS is now a standard point in contrivers ‘ tool kits † ( Drummond & A ; Gallic 2008 ) and there are many illustrations its usage in urban planning and determination devising over the last 20 old ages ( Harris & A ; Elmes 1993 ; Stevens et Al. 2007 ; States 2000 ; Shiffer 1998 ; Lodha & A ; Verma 2000 ) . Traditionally GIS provides the user with a synergistic information researching interface which allows them to cover a figure of different maps onto a 2D surface and allows the user to carry on complex geospatial analysis ( Salter et al. 2009 ) . Howe ver it has been shown ( Lowe 2004 ; Lowe 2003 ) that many non-expert stakeholders have great trouble in decoding and understanding scientific shows and maps. Due to its complexness and high acquisition curve GIS requires the user â€Å" to believe like a geographic information scientist † ( Clarke 2001 ) and is still considered to be a hard to utilize, adept tool ( Traynor & A ; Williams 1995 ) . Its usage in determination devising has made it hard for non expert stakeholders, particularly the general populace, to take part to the full in be aftering determinations ( Salter et al. 2009 ; Al-Kodmany 2002 ) . Most GIS systems are purely 2D, covering with geospatial informations being draped over a map or other geographical representation. While experts can imagine the ocular impact of a proposed development from this program view it is really hard for person non trained in the usage of GIS to make this. This can take to non-expert stakeholder non to the full understanding the effects of the determinations being made and go forth them with an unintended positive or negative position of the planned development ( Danahy et al. 1999 ) . 3D representations nevertheless allow users to rapidly recognize the spacial context of the determination and besides to orientate their position of the proposed development ( Danahy et al. 1999 ) . Peoples develop the ability to voyage and visually process 3D representations of urban environments on a bomber witting degree throughout their lives as they walk through existent universe metropoliss ( Charters et al. 2002 ) . This sub witting ability means that t he user will non hold to work to visualize the development but can concentrate on the determination, and the effects of the determination, being made. SCITY VT S-City VT ( sustainable metropolis visual image tool ) is a paradigm determination support application that is designed to let a wider scope of stakeholders input into the sustainability planning procedure by leting the stakeholders to compare different scenarios utilizing a usage designed simulation and visual image engine. Figure 1: Visual image techniques used in S-City VT The visual image engine utilises a split screen rendering attack which allows the user, utilizing any of the techniques, to compare two scenarios side by side throughout the life rhythm of the development. A figure of visual image techniques have been used to expose the consequences of the implicit in simulation engine which allows the user to non merely compare the external visual aspect of the different scenarios but besides the comparative sustainability of each scenario. As already discussed traditional GIS does non supply a realistic physical representation of the metropolis or development being studied. CAD system do enable the creative activity of 3D theoretical accounts which provide the user with a realistic representation of the edifices and the developments ( Al-Kodmany 2002 ) , nevertheless CAD systems provide no ability to cover extra informations and supply small context out with the edifice or country being studied. The visual image engine combines GIS and 3D urban theoretical accounts and embeds the 3D theoretical accounts in the environing landscape to contextualise the urban country that is undergoing sustainability appraisal. The ability to visualize portion of the metropolis that is undergoing the development or regeneration within the wider metropolis context is likely to better battle with the communicating tool and convey a greater degree of engagement from all participants in the planning procedure ( Levy 1995 ) Fig 4: 3D representation of proposed development within the city-wide context. The usage engine allows the user to hold synergistic control enabling the user to see the proposed development from any imaginable point of view. This allows the user to go to the full immersed in the proposed development, to a much greater grade than 2D programs, GIS, or rendered 3D stills. As has already been shown ( Isaacs et al. 2010a ) S City VT provides the user with a feasible representation of the existent development. Design to Virtual RealityBlendingFig 5: Overview of the index blending technique The blending technique, as shown in figure 5, merely takes the all the sustainability steps for each index, calculated by the bomber system and ANP theoretical accounts, unite them into a individual value. This valued is so mapped to a individual coloring material graduated table. The coloring material graduated table used can be selected from a figure of color graduated tables known for their discriminating abilities ( Levkowitz & A ; Herman 1992 ) these include the het object, magenta, local optimised, and spectral. Using the hot-cold graduated table demonstrated in figure 5 a edifice or floor with high comparative sustainability would look blue while a edifice with low sustainability would look ruddy. This method gives a individual index of sustainability and provides the easiest manner of comparing the comparative sustainability of different options or scenarios.WeavingFig 6: Overview of the index weaving technique Whilst the blending technique, combines the index values, the weaving technique ( figure 6 ) efforts to continue some of the implicit in information so that the user can still place which indexs or bunch are doing the greatest consequence ( negative or positive ) on the sustainability of the edifice. The coloring material weaving technique ( Hagh-Shenas et al. 2007 ) uses a different coloring material graduated table for each index ( figure 6 ) to try to continue this information. The colors from each graduated table are so indiscriminately weaved into a hodgepodge like texture which is applied to each floor of the edifice. The size of the squares or spots in the weave can besides be changed depending on the user ‘s penchants. A little spot size will give an overall representation of the sustainability, with darker sunglassess stand foring low sustainability and lighter sunglassess stand foring higher sustainability. A larger spot size will let user to place rapidly which colou rs stand out the most, and hence which indexs are holding the greatest impact.Traditional Graphical TechniquesRadar graphs, figure 7, let the stakeholder to compare the sustainability of different edifices based on the index values. The form, size, coloring material and point values will be different for each edifice leting a elaborate comparing. Fig7: Comparision of scenarios utilizing traditional radio detection and ranging graphs and coloring material weaving. Parallel coordinates allow the user to compare all index values for all the edifices in a scenario ( fihure 8 ) . Buildings can be selected and their hint in the graph is highlighted. The colors in the graph correspond to those in the blending technique. Fig 8: Parallel co-ordinate graph for sample development. Simple temporal graphs secret plan the all the index values over the life clip of the development. These allow the user to place the interconnectivity of the indexs and to place where and why sudden alterations occur ( figure 9 ) . Fig 9: Index graph demoing alterations in 6 indexs over clip.Real Time SimulationThe index patterning involves developing bomber theoretical accounts that define how each of the indexs vary over infinite and clip. The S-City VT application is built utilizing a modular model supplying flexibleness and leting index theoretical accounts to be changed. For the paradigm application six sustainability index theoretical accounts ( credence, lodging proviso, energy efficiency, noise pollution, employment and economic benefit ) have been developed four of which are described below:Energy EfficiencyThe energy efficiency theoretical account is based on the Nation Calculation Method ( NCM ) which is the industry criterion leting energy efficiency of edifices to be determined ( BRE 2009 ) . The NCM method takes into history a broad scope of factors, including figure of room accesss, Windowss glazing type, exterior building, figure of floors etc, to bring forth a metric depicting the energy effici ency the edifice. A NCM study was developed utilizing the NCM tool, stand foring the typical edifices in the development for a figure of different options including external visual aspect and different mixes of edifice usage. Fig2: Graph demoing temporal alterations in sustainability index due monthly energy fluctuations. This information is input to the energy efficiency theoretical account and attenuated with the temporal energy ingestion informations ( BIS 2009 ) which reflects how the energy usage of the edifices change depending on the clip of twelvemonth. ( fig 2 ) shows how the sustainability index alterations as a map of clip for a 2 different constructing types with different utilizations ( glass, commercial and brick, residential ) .Noise PollutionThe noise theoretical account calculates the degrees of traffic noise geting at each edifice and can besides cipher the proportion of people that will happen certain degrees of noise a nuisance. Datas about the jutting traffic flows for the waterfront development were sourced from Dundee metropolis councils Dundee Waterfront Traffic & A ; Signing Report ( White Young Green 2007 ) . For each route in the proposed development a noise degree is calculated utilizing its projected hourly traffic flow. Using a map provided in CRT ( 1988 ) , ( equation 1 ) this traffic flow can be transformed into a noise degree which corresponds to how loud, in dBs ( dubnium ( A ) ) , the traffic noise is if the hearer were standing about 10 meters off from the route side. equation 1 A noise degree associated at each edifice based on the traffic volume is calculated based on the shortest distance ( vitamin D ) between the noise beginning ( route ) and the edifice utilizing Euclidean geometry. The sound degree emanating from each route is obtained by rectifying the basic noise degree utilizing equation 2. The equation besides includes the tallness ( H ) of the hearer which is changeless in these computations. ( CRTN 1988 ) equation 2 To find the entire noise degree received by the edifice the corrected noise from each route must be summed over n roads in the development ( equation 3 ) equation 3 Each edifice will now hold a noise degree value stand foring the entire degree of noise associated with that edifices location in relation to the roads and their projected traffic flows. Our sustainability step is achieved by normalizing the noise degree ( 0-100 graduated table as before ) and using a non additive map ( equation 4 ( Highways Agency 1994 ) ) , this calculates the per centum of people that will be bothered by a specific degree of noise. equation 4Economic BenefitThe economic theoretical account utilises a discounted hard currency flow computation to find the worth of a edifices current hard currency flow for a specific point in clip. The computation uses a price reduction rate which allows the hard currency flows to be discounted back to their present worth. equation 5 Where CF = hard currency flow for that twelvemonth. R = price reduction rate for that twelvemonth. t = the twelvemonth. In the equation the capital cost for the building of the first edifice is represented by CF0. Capital costs of subsequent edifices will be discounted to this point clip. e.g. the capital cost of a edifice built two old ages after the initial edifice would be discounted utilizing. Each edifice in the simulation has a site readying and building stage, during this clip the hard currency flow in for that period is taken every bit 0 as the edifice would non yet be sold or rented. The simulation is able to reflect the differences between hard currency flows for rented and sold edifices. Buildings which are sold will take a big income at the point of sale. As the edifice has been sold farther hard currency flows for this edifice will be 0. The price reduction factor will besides use to the sale income so for two edifices of tantamount value, a edifice sold in twelvemonth one will hold a higher present value than constructing sold in twelvemonth 10. As the edifice has been sold the upkeep and care of the edifice will be borne by the purchaser and so it non modelled here. Buildings which are rented will take a smaller income every twelvemonth. Rented edifices may hold a rent free period, to promote renters, and will hold a laic period between rentals, during these tim es the hard currency flow for that period will be 0. A price reduction factor is applied to the annual income to find its present value, once more based on the building twelvemonth of the first building.. Fig 3: PV for a individual edifice, built in twelvemonth 0, demoing differences between leased and sold income with different price reduction rates. The initial cost of the edifices are calculated utilizing the edifice type ( e.g. residential, commercial, retail, societal ) and the cost per square meter for that type of edifice. The income from sale or rent is similarly calculated utilizing the jutting income for that type of edifice. These values were sourced from the SET economic study on the waterfront development ( Buchanan 2006 ) . The maximal and minimal valleies are so mapped onto 0 100 and linearly interpolated.CredenceAcceptance corresponds to the credence of possible edifice utilizations within the development. The masterplan for Dundee has been developed and it was possible through treatment with Dundee council to find the possible edifice utilizations which are under reappraisal and included commercial office infinite, retail units, cafe/bar/restaurant and residential infinite. The edifice usage study used a superior system where the participant was asked to rank possible edifice utilizations in order of penchant. If the participant had no penchant between the edifice uses at each rank the proportions chosen at each rank would be equal. To find if this is the instance Friedman trial was performed utilizing SPSS on the average rank of each edifice usage, with the void hypothesis being that the average ranks will be equal. Ranks Mean Rank Commercial 3.37 Retail 2.51 Leisure 1.54 Residential 2.58 Test Statistics a Sample Size 106 Chi-Square 107.264 df 3 Significance. .000 a. Friedman Test The consequences of the Friedman trial show that there is a important difference ( p & lt ; 0.001 ) between how the users ranked the different edifice utilizations. Combined with post-hoc analysis of the consequences it is possible to pattern the acceptableness edifice uses in the undermentioned order ; Leisure ( highest ranked ) , Retail & A ; Residential ( equal ranked ) and Commercial ( Lowest Ranked ) . To make a sustainability index for the acceptableness of each edifice these rankings are mapped onto a 0-100 graduated table, with Leisure at 100 ( highest sustainability ) , Retail & A ; Residential at 50 and Commercial ( lowest sustainability ) at 0.MULTICRITERIA OPINION ANALYSISOne of the jobs with traditional sustainability appraisal is affecting the positions and experiences of a broad scope of stakeholders ( ( Isaacs et al. 2010b ) , . Many of the traditional methods of aggregating index values, such as Multi Attribute Utility Theory ( MAUT ) , lack transparence go forthing the users in a place where they do non to the full understand how the resulting weightings have been derived ( Dodgson et al. 2009 ; Paracchini et Al. 2008 ) . The Analytic Network Process ( ANP ) method uses synergistic web constructions which give a more holistic representation of the overall job ( Saaty 2006 ) . Components of the job are connected, as appropriate, in braces with directed lines imitating the influence of one constituent over another. The constituents in a web may besides be regarded as elements that interact and influence each other in respect to a specific property. ( Saaty 2006 ) . To execute a ANP analysis the determination shaper must place the web through analysis of the job to be solved. The determination shaper must place the bunchs, elements and the relationships and interactions between them ( Bottero et al. 2007 ) . Once the determination shaper has constructed the web to be analysed they must now make a supermatrix depicting the interactions defined in the theoretical account ( Gencer and Gurpinar 2007 ) . The supermatrix is created utilizing the cardinal graduated table and pair-wise method every interaction is described in footings of every component it interacts with ( Saaty 1999 ) . Once this has been completed the normalised eigenvector calculated from the matrix will give the determination shaper the normalised prioritised list of elements. ANP allows cross-cluster interactions every bit good as inter-relationships between elements.. It is structured of course and allows for a more realistic representation of the job, but its chief strength lies in supplying the user with the ability to include their ain personal cognition and sentiments about an interaction through the usage of pair-wise comparings ( Saaty 2006, ; Bottero et Al. 2007 ) . The prioritised list of elements which are derived from the ANP analysis are used in the 3D visual image to supply the user with a individual of sustainability index if required. Al-Kodmany, K. ( 2002 ) Visual image tools and methods in community planning: from freehand studies to practical world. Journal of be aftering Literature, 17 ( 2 ) , p. 189. 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Horner, C. Hardcastle, A. Price, & A ; J. Bebbington International Conference on Whole Life Urban Sustainability and its Assessment. Glasgow: Glasgow Caledonian university. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //download.sue-mot.org/Conference-2007/Papers/Isaacs.pdf. Isaacs, J. , Falconer, R. , Gilmour, D. & A ; Blackwood, D. ( 2010 ) Enhancing urban sustainability utilizing 3D visual image. Proceedings Of The Institution Of Civil Engineers, p. IN PRESS. Isaacs, J. , Falconer, R. , Gilmour, D. & A ; Blackwood, D. ( 2010 ) Sustainable urban developments: stakeholder battle through 3d visual image. In Continuing of the 11th IASTED International Conference Computer Graphics and Imaging. Innsbruck: IASTED, pp. 265-271. Levkowitz, H. & A ; Herman, G. ( 1992 ) Color graduated tables for image informations. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications ( Cgim ) , p. 72-80. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/doi/10.1109/38.135886. Levy, R. ( 1995 ) Visual image of urban options. Environment and Planning B, 22, p. 343-343. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //envplan.com/epb/fulltext/b22/b220343.pdf. Lodha, S.K. & A ; Verma, A.K. ( 2000 ) Spatio-temporal visual image of urban offenses on a GIS grid. In ACM New York, NY, USA, pp. 174-179. Lowe, R. ( 2003 ) Animation and acquisition: selective processing of information in dynamic artworks. Learning and Instruction, 13 ( 2 ) , pp. 157-176. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S095947520200018X. Lowe, R. ( 2004 ) Question of a dynamic visual image during larning. Learning and Instruction, 14 ( 3 ) , pp. 257-274. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959475204000313. Paracchini, M.L. , Pacini, C. , Calvo, S. & A ; Vogt, J. ( 2008 ) Weighting and collection of indexs for sustainability impact appraisal in the SENSOR context. In Sustainability Impact Assessment of Land Use Changes. Berlin: Springer, pp. 349-372. Parkin, S. , Sommer, F. & A ; Uren, S. ( 2003 ) Sustainable development: understanding the construct and practical challenge. Engineering Sustainability, 156 ( 1 ) , p. 19-26. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.atypon-link.com/telf/doi/abs/10.1680/ensu.156.1.19.37055. Salter, J.D. , Campbell, C. , Journeay, M. & A ; Sheppard, S.R. ( 2009 ) The digital workshop: researching the usage of synergistic and immersive visual image tools in participatory planning. Journal of environmental direction, 90 ( 6 ) , pp. 2090-101. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18558460. Shiffer, M. ( 1998 ) Multimedia GIS for be aftering support and public discourse. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 25 ( 2 ) , p. 89-94. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ingentaconnect.com/content/acsm/cagis/1998/00000025/00000002/art00004. States, U. 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The Whistle Benjamin Franklins Parable on Values

In this parable, American statesman and scientist Benjamin Franklin explains how an extravagant purchase in his childhood taught him a lesson for life. In The Whistle, notes  Arthur J. Clark, Franklin recounted an early memory  that provides a resource for revealing features of his personality (Dawn of Memories, 2013). The Whistle by Benjamin Franklin To Madame Brillon I received my dear friend’s two letters, one for Wednesday and one for Saturday. This is again Wednesday. I do not deserve one for to-day, because I have not answered the former. But, indolent as I am, and averse to writing, the fear of having no more of your pleasing epistles, if I do not contribute to the correspondence, obliges me to take up my pen; and as Mr. B. has kindly sent me word that he sets out to-morrow to see you, instead of spending this Wednesday evening, as I have done its namesakes, in your delightful company, I sit down to spend it in thinking of you, in writing to you, and in reading over and over again your letters. I am charmed with your description of Paradise, and with your plan of living there; and I approve much of your conclusion, that, in the meantime, we should draw all the good we can from this world. In my opinion we might all draw more good from it than we do, and suffer less evil, if we would take care not to give too much for whistles. For to me it seems that most of the unhappy people we meet with are become so by neglect of that caution. You ask what I mean? You love stories, and will excuse my telling one of myself. When I was a child of seven years old, my friends, on a holiday, filled my pocket with coppers. I went directly to a shop where they sold toys for children; and being charmed with the sound of a whistle, that I met by the way in the hands of another boy, I voluntarily offered and gave all my money for one. I then came home, and went whistling all over the house, much pleased with my whistle, but disturbing all the family. My brothers, and sisters, and cousins, understanding the bargain I had made, told me I had given four times as much for it as it was worth; put me in mind what good things I might have bought with the rest of the money; and laughed at me so much for my folly, that I cried with vexation; and the reflection gave me more chagrin than the whistle gave me pleasure. This, however, was afterwards of use to me, the impression continuing on my mind; so that often, when I was tempted to buy some unnecessary thing, I said to myself, Don’t give too much for the whistle; and I saved my money. As I grew up, came into the world, and observed the actions of men, I thought I met with many, very many, who gave too much for the whistle. When I saw one too ambitious of court favor, sacrificing his time in attendance on levees, his repose, his liberty, his virtue, and perhaps his friends, to attain it, I have said to myself, this man gives too much for his whistle. When I saw another fond of popularity, constantly employing himself in political bustles, neglecting his own affairs, and ruining them by that neglect, He pays, indeed, said I, too much for his whistle. If I knew a miser, who gave up every kind of comfortable living, all the pleasure of doing good to others, all the esteem of his fellow-citizens, and the joys of benevolent friendship, for the sake of accumulating wealth, Poor man, said I, you pay too much for your whistle. When I met with a man of pleasure, sacrificing every laudable improvement of the mind, or of his fortune, to mere corporeal sensations, and ruining his health in their pursuit, Mistaken man, said I, you are providing pain for yourself, instead of pleasure; you give too much for your whistle. If I see one fond of appearance, or fine clothes, fine houses, fine furniture, fine equipages, all above his fortune, for which he contracts debts, and ends his career in a prison, Alas! say I, he has paid dear, very dear, for his whistle. When I see a beautiful sweet-tempered girl married to an ill-natured brute of a husband, What a pity, say I, that she should pay so much for a whistle! In short, I conceive that great part of the miseries of mankind are brought upon them by the false estimates they have made of the value of things, and by their giving too much for their whistles. Yet I ought to have charity for these unhappy people, when I consider that, with all this wisdom of which I am boasting, there are certain things in the world so tempting, for example, the apples of King John, which happily are not to be bought; for if they were put to sale by auction, I might very easily be led to ruin myself in the purchase, and find that I had once more given too much for the whistle. Adieu, my dear friend, and believe me ever yours very sincerely and with unalterable affection. (November 10,  1779)

Financial analysis of an airline company - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 18 Words: 5402 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Level High school Did you like this example? Fictional airline Company Tryanair Glossary Executive Summary Conclusion Appendix Bibliography Executive Summary The issues facing Tryanair in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s highly competitive industry environment represent serious competitive facets impacting the battle for customers in the face of fierce competition, operating costs and security concerns. It includes new aspects that have been bubbling just below the surface and have come to the forefront which must be addressed to turn disadvantages into advantages. The company has recently come under pressure from the major carriers utilizing the legal system to contest its arrangements with smaller airports, as well as the growing pressures to levy a tax in response to environmental issues regarding the increased level of CO2 emissions and the elimination of short haul flights. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Financial analysis of an airline company" essay for you Create order The preceding, is in addition to the highly competitive state of the industry, represent areas that need to be addressed as part of a Public Relations Campaign that is in consort with broader business related strategies and policies. Since the company is engaged in the business of the transport of customers, public opinion represents an important part of the our image, and as such can be utilized to help mitigate the potential impact of the foregoing as well as aid in garnering support from opposition groups, the general public and the media through the utilization of a coordinated Public Relations Campaign to bring Tryanair into contact with: varied environmental groups, community groups, local authorities The foregoing Campaign will be developed with the understanding that its implementation will also have to be mindful as well as adhere to the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s corporate social responsibility mandates, as well as the interests of our stakeholders and shareholders. A pro-active stance on these issues is important to bring the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s side of these issues into the public arena to not only balance the facts, but the arguments as well for these measures which is presenting facets from their perspective. In keeping with the aforementioned, varied studies and passenger feed back has alerted the P.R. Department that the following are issues as well: The charging of fees to wheelchair passengers Customer handling procedures after flight cancellations Flight schedule changes whereby our passengers are not properly informed or compensated when applicable Practices of some competitors in providing better customer relations while charging marginally higher fare rates Rather than view the preceding as disadvantages, the view of the Public Relations Department is that these areas represent areas of opportunity which can be utilized to enhance Tryanairà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s image and well as mitigate the potential for negative legislation and other proposals. What is called for are Public Relations measures that coordinate with the overall strategic plans for the company to achieve growth as well as solidify its position within the industry for the future. These aspects call for a forward looking approach that build upon itself. The P.R. Department has been provided with a budget of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬100,000, which excludes internal staff costs, to develop and implement an effective campaign to mitigate the negative potentials of the foregoing. This document shall detail the Departmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s plan to achieve that result. The Public Relations Department has prepared a campaign to address the indicated issues within the contexts as outli ned in the Executive Summary, and will expound upon them in this segment to provide background information which has been utilized to design said campaign. To re-cap again, these areas are: The proposal to levy an Emissions Tax concerning environmental issues To eliminate aspects of beneficial arrangements at smaller airports The elimination of Short Haul Flights The charging of fees to wheelchair passengers Customer handling procedures after flight cancellations Flight schedule changes whereby our passengers are not properly informed or compensated when applicable Practices of some competitors in providing better customer relations while charging marginally higher fare rates The approach to these areas has been formulated utilizing an analysis of our competitors to assess the present day factors to consider in the adoption of a comprehensive as well as effective methodology. The preceding has been crafted with the consideration that it is the objective of Tryanair to become the industry leader in terms of passenger traffic by our twentieth anniversary in 2012. Said Campaign will establish foundational strengths from which successive Public Relations plans can be built upon to assist the company in the attainment of that objective. In order to arrive at that goal, the Public Relations Department conducted a competitive analysis in order to provide a clear picture of the environment Tryanair operates in, as well as where we stand in relationship to the industry. Competitive Analysis Through the utilization of a SWOT (Grant, 2005, p. 13) and PEST Analysis (Williamson et al, 2003 , pp. 85-86), in conjunction with Porterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Five Forces (Christensen et al, 2004, pp. 30-49), we were able to determine the following: SWOT Analysis Strengths Tryanair does not have any significant or distinct competitive strengths that are not already present within the industry in some form or another. Easyjet, and Ryanair both operate within our industry segment as United Kingdom based carriers, offering similar fares, routes, and services. Weaknesses The weakness that Tryanair has in the market is that Easyjet and Ryanair are both established for a longer period and have larger financial resources as well as more destinations they fly to. And while Tryanair also faces competition from other domestically based budget and discount carriers, their relative newness to the market is basically on a par with our own. The negative publicity the company has received concerning our charging a fee to wheelchair bound passengers, as well as some of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s practices with canceled and delayed flights are areas that have impacted our public image and need to be addressed. Ryanair represents more direct competition than easyJet as Ryanair flies to the same airports, secondary, to control costs (Edgar, 2006). EasyJetà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business model emphasizes the business and leisure class segment (easyJet.com, 2003). There are approximately fifty carriers operating in our segment of the industry (Wikitravel, 2006). Opportunities As is the case with all of our competitors, opportunities exist in the expansion to foreign destinations, as well as the adoption of a more progressive à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"frequent flier programà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ patterns after Southwest Airlines, which is termed à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Rapid Rewardsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Southwest Airline, 2006). Ryanairà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (2006) internet web site does not indicate they have such a program, frequent flier, nor does easyJet (2006). Industry airline travel growth forecasts indicate a rise in passenger traffic to 125 million individuals by 2015 (Britt, 2003). Threats The potential threats facing Tryanair are the entry into the market of more discount and budget based airlines, particularly from the major carriers who have the financial resources as well as administrative and industry connections to delve into the low fare battle. The threat of entry by a new carrier is also a possibility, however Tryanairà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s established operations provide an edge in that these type of circumstance. PEST Analysis Political Factors The governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s proposal under the Civil Aviation Bill (Department for Transport, 2005) proposes that airports be provided with the powers to set charges to carriers based upon emissions, supported by the Secretary of State. The preceding represents the most pressing of legislation Tryanair and the industry is faced with. The other political legislation and or issues active at present represent aircraft noise, contributions to the Aviation Health Unit, and route licensing cases. Economic Factors Fuel represents the major expenditure in the industry, representing 15% to 40% of operating costs (Ray, 2005) with oil prices spiraling, and thus cutting into operating margins, the prospect of additional charges, such as the emissions levy, would force Tryanair as well as other carriers to raise fares to offset the expense. Economic forecasts do not indicate a recession or other event in the future, however, the costs associated with security are an additional cost since September 11th. Social Factors The airlineà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s external image with the public has undertaken a negative turn with the publicizing of the feeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s we charge wheelchair passengers, as well as the policies regarding flight cancellations, delays and schedule changes. The state of our customer relations is behind our two main competitors, easyJet and Ryanair. Technological Factors In this category Tryanair ranks on an equal footing with our rivals in airframe age, check in procedures, IT structure, ticketing and other external as well as internal functions. Porterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Five Forces Supplier Power The area where Tryanair could potentially suffer in the future is in airport arrangements for expansion of services as well as current destinations as a result of closer governmental scrutiny over subsidies and emissions policies. Our internal suppliers of various services, and equipment do not represent any threat to operations as there are numerous suitable replacement choices. Barriers to Entry Given the high costs of equipment and logistical factors as well as the tight operating margins and high number of carriers in the industry, the barriers to entry for completely new carriers are high and should remain so over the foreseeable future. However, such costs are within the financial capabilities of major carriers who have the planes, staffing and administrative systems. The potential for additional entrants from that quarter are relatively mild to high as a result of the industry market shares the discount and budget airlines are achieving. Threat of Substitutes The threat of substitutes is relatively high from full service carriers seeking entry into the discount / budget segment of the market as a result of the high traffic patterns and yearly increases in revenue miles. As price represents the key reason most customer select one carrier over another the levels of competition leave little distinction between each other in customer minds (Appendix 1, AvantGo, 2003) (Appendix 2, Wessels, 2004, p. 9). Buyer Power Buyer power is high in that they have the option to select a carrier in this segment, discount/budget, based upon offers available and price (Appendix 2, Wessels, 2004, p.9). Rivalry The competition in the discount/budget segment of the market is intense as it is based upon price with little brand loyalty. Campaign Recommendations The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Competitive Analysisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ has pointed out some areas of potential opportunity open to Tryanair, based upon a Public Relations campaign in consort with internal strategic plans to aggressively attack the following areas: Emissions Levy Small Airports Wheelchair passengers Changes in flight schedules Flight delays and cancellations Customer Service The following summarizes the key issues and components of these areas: Emissions Levy The European Unionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by an eight percent in keeping with the Kyoto Protocol commitment period of 2008 through 2012 affects the United Kingdom and the airline industry in that all member states must adopt a National Allocation Plan (defra, 2006). The Emissions Trading Scheme represents the U.K.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s plan to control emissions by setting limits by industry (airapparent, 2006). In consort with the public and national clamor over emissions, the following groups represent areas that will be targeted for P.R. activities through direct communications as well as information dissemination; Friends of the Earth This organization states that the United Kingdom generates 2.3% of the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s CO2 (Friends of the Earth, 2006) and supports airline payment per flight to pay for emissions controls as well as a reduction in flights. AirApparent, represents an organization of concerned citizens that opposes the Emissions Trading Scheme fearing that the airline industry will take a disproportionate share of the allocation in emissions reductions achieved by other industries (airapparent, 2006). National Society for Clean Air This organization advocates the taxation of airline flights (National Society for Clean Air, 2006). Green Skies This organization is an information network representing environmental organizations and welds considerable influence on a national scale (GreenSkies, 2006). Assistance with the preceding will be cultivated through meetings and associations with private as well as governmental groups and associations to broaden the exposure of campaign parameters as well as gain support for our approach. Forum for the Future This organization is a charity working in conjunction with the public sector, business and other groups to accomplish the objective of building a sustainable future (form for the future, 2006). Local Authorities / Regional Airports These represent the regional airports Tryanair utilizes which are under fire from environmental groups as well as the government regarding the possible use of emission levies and reduced traffic. The last issue they share in common with the airline industry as the new flight traffic has increased their revenues and local business as a result of the additional passengers. These airports are also under fire regarding noise emissions, as well as additional road traffic in their locales, the following Table shows their growth record over a three year period: Table 1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Regional Airports (BBC News, 2003) Airport Growth Bournemouth 63.6% London City 59.9% Southend 50% Kent International 50% Luton 33.6% Inverness 33% Wheelchair passengers Through a change in our policies for wheelchair bound passengers, Tryanair can mitigate the negative publicity through contact and suggestions from wheelchair bound passengers on things they would like to see on flights. Getting these groups involved gets the word out and creates inside à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"buzzà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ on Tryanairà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s active stance. This aspect of the campaign activities would cover the following organizations (Edmond.com, 2006): British Paralympic Association British Wheelchair Sports Foundation Calvert Trust Changes in flight schedules The varied external forces impacting our industry, such as weather, security, and equipment can necessitate changes in flight schedules as a result of unforeseen events. Recognizing this as an aspect of our business and including it in a program that encompasses other unforeseen variables would help to create better customer relations when these instances arise. Flight delays and cancellations This represents the second business / passenger area that is based upon unforeseen occurrences, and will be a part of the program developed for schedule changes to simplify customer understandings and internal administration. Customer Service The last two areas as well as the normal functions of customer service represent a means to increase Tryanairà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s bond with customers so that those who have flown with the airline will tend to think of us first in their next travel plans, rather than continue price shopping. Remembering that almost all of our passengers have flown with another airline is an opportunity to gain a semblance of loyalty through heightened customer service and interaction. The approach to meshing these seemingly diverse issues and areas into a comprehensible Public Relations Campaign that the public will grasp in the face of extensive media clutter, will be based upon the application of some well founded theories. Our function as the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Public Relations Department, in keeping with established principles as set forth by the Arthur W. Page Society (2006), an organization of select senior public relations / corporate communications officers, which espouses that the P.R. operation is a function in the sphere of executive management and that it is a key component in the success of corporate strategies and planning. The Arthur W. Page Society (2006) advises that through telling the truth, the company lets the public know what is occurring and helps to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ provide an accurate picture of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s character, ideals and practicesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Arthur W. Page Society, 2005) and sets forth the following methodology to accomplish an effective and believable campaign: Tell the truth Prove it with action According to the Arthur W. Page Society (2006), the publicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s perception of a company à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ is determined 90 percent by what it does and ten percent by talkingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Listen to the customer Understanding what the public wants and needs represent a cornerstone of reaching them through programs and actions they understand. Manage for tomorrow Understanding issues, trends and events that are shaping themselves aids in pre-planning and generates goodwill through the ability to anticipate and plan for these variables in advance. Conduct Public Relations as if the whole company depends on it All of the actions and strategies of the company have an impact in their image and standing with the public, thus policymaking and planning needs to be weaved into other company functions to create seamless external views of consistency, as the publicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s perception is based upon 90% of what we do. Remain calm, patient and good-humored The benefits that can be achieved through well planned and coordinated public relations activities are founded in a consistent approach to contacts and information dissemination. The age old adage that cooler heads prevail, remains true in this case. The preceding has been included as a reminder that as a high profile company dealing with sensitive and important issues, Tryanair is subject to intense scrutiny by our rivals, the media, concerned organizations and the public. The recognition of being consistently under the microscope and acting in a manner that eliminates negative feedback from P.R. and corporate actions is a critical component to increase public trust and believability. The preceding factors will thus make statements, policies, programs and promotions that much more effective. Strategy In order to achieve results with the varied issues and concerns facing Tryanair: Emissions levy, Regional airports, Short Haul flights, Wheelchair Passengers, Flight schedule changes, Flight delays and cancellations, Customer Service, the company needs a recognizable and memorable theme which will provide recall as well as consistency for the varied objectives and individual components under the overall campaign. The slogan à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“You Fly, We Listenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  is based upon the preceding as well as the important principles of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"customer centricà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ operations which states (Bosworth et al, p. 2): Traditional Approach Customer Centric Approach Make presentations Converse situation ally Offer opinions Ask relevant questions Focus on relationship Focus on solution Gravitate toward users Target customer profiles Rely on product Relate product usage Attempt to sell by Empower customers to convincing/persuading achieve their objectives handle objections solve problems overcome resistance satisfy needs The slogan à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"You Fly, We Listenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is a shortened version of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"You Fly, BECAUSE We Listenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ â„ ¢. The subtle change is to make the slogan flow better as well as to place the suggestion in customer minds through reinforcement as well as actions that Tryanair does listen and act upon what we hear. In implementing this in the Public relations campaign, Tryanair will utilize the following processes and steps in each segment of the overall campaign strategy: Emissions Levy The P.R. Department will prepare a topic agenda consisting of data on CO2 emissions utilizing the latest statistics. Defra (2005a): Table 2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Region Total emissions (million tones carbon dioxide) Region Industrial commercial Domestic Road transport Total North East 22.3 7.0 4.7 34.5 North West 29.3 18.6 14.4 62.8 Yorkshire Humber 31.5 13.9 11.2 57.8 East Midlands 16.9 12.0 10.8 41.5 West Midlands 15.5 14.5 12.3 43.1 East of England 18.2 15.7 13.4 49.7 Greater London 21.7 18.9 10.1 50.8 South East 28.0 22.5 19.3 71.1 South West 14.8 13.4 11.3 41.0 England 198.2 136.6 107.5 452.4 Defraà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (2005a) information advised that the typical ranges for emissions by category in a local authority range between the following spreads: Industrial and commercial 29 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 43% Domestic 27 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 38% Road Transport 19 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 32% Of the preceding emissions breakdowns, defra (2005b) reported that 44% of the emissions in local authority areas are from industrial and commercial sources, with 29% attributed to the domestic segment and 23% attributed to transport, consisting of vehicles, trucks and cars, and airplanes. The following survey, as conducted by Accenture (2005) provides information on findings, as well as an analysis of travel preferences by UK respondents. The survey found that: approximately one-third of respondents indicated they expected to increase their travel over the flowing six month period. Four of five respondents indicated that they had taken à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"aà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ flight during the last six months Low cost airlines were utilized for personal use rather than business (46% to 35% respectively) Price represents the number one reason people elect to travel via low cost carriers, after that is was schedules The survey indicated that 52% of respondents utilized their cars for business trips inside of the UK, 30% used air transportation, 16% traveled by train, with 2% indicating other. The preceding data was correlated for business trips exceeding 300 miles. Surveys have found that transport via vehicle, usually with one individual, is the highest CO2 emission generator. In conversing with opposition groups, having detailed information on such areas, reminding them that we are in a customer business that is dictated by customer wants and needs. Additionally that we as a carrier are here to service the needs of the public, and through competition prices are lowered which serves the public interest. Communicating that Tryanair is also concerned about CO2 emissions as the company is comprised of people who like them live in the UK, and is tackling the problem through orders for the latest fuel and emissions efficient airframes shall be aspects included in these discussions, along with o ther areas The point of the active dialogue and information exchange is that these environmental groups do not get any interaction or communications on a one to one friendly basis. The object of the approach is not so much to change their minds, but to get public exposure of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interest on the issues and a willingness to meet with groups for discussions and dialogue. The objective is to steal the thunder from any other carriers who might see the overall positive benefits from such an approach. In addition to hearing the other side of the story, suggestions and ideas could be solicited and discussed with said groups and internally we can then seek potential solutions were fiscally feasible, with feedback provided to the public and through joint press releases. Ignoring these environmental groups is not the answer as their strength and public voices have become increasing larger, and with the power of the Internet as well as the recent attention that has been focused on this matter, their influence is such that ignoring them could prove disastrous. The suggestion of donation contributions to plant trees in emission areas represents another proactive stance which is cost effective in actually doing something concerning the problem, rather than just talk. Under a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"NOW Greenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ program the company could set up a fund for these donations that selected environmental groups can access to places trees where they elect, rather than where the company decides. This releasing of conditions into their own hands gives these groups greater input and should translate into at least a climate of cooperation rather than the present adversarial environment. Friends of the Earth AirApparent represents an organization of concerned citizens that National Society for Clean Air Green Skies Forum for the Future Local Authorities / Regional Airports Wheelchair passengers The P.R. Department, as in the prior case, feels a proactive stance is the preferable strategy in addressing the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s lack of vision concerning the handling of its wheelchair passengers. It is recommended that all flights and personnel are properly trained on the handling of wheelchair bound individuals. In addition it is recommended that the company actively support, through sponsorships, athletics events conducted by the following associations. British Paralympic Association British Wheelchair Sports Foundation Calvert Trust In addition, the company should actively seek out prior wheelchair bound passengers to survey their experiences and solicit ideas and suggestions, offering any dissatisfied respondents 50% off on their next flight. The preceding with generate ideas from this segment of the population as well as aid in repairing poor relationships as well as providing press release opportunities. Changes in flight schedules It is obvious that the company needs to improve its system for notifying customers of fight changes to improve customer satisfaction. This can be achieved through telephone notifications as well as emails. The company should implement a policy similar to Southwest Airlines Rapid Rewards, calling it à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Tryanair Now Rewardsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"NOWà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ refers to passengers receiving faster points for more reasons. A flight change whereby the passenger does not have the option of changing to a new flight within six hours would carry a reward point equal to 1/3rd of the ticket price. This means the passenger has a reason to stick with Tryanair for points build up and sooner reward utilization. Flight delays and cancellations The same methodology should also accompany flight delays and cancellations. The fact that customer will be unhappy is mitigated through awarding points to retain them in the future, with customers able to use their reward points at any time, meaning if they have 10% of a flightà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s cost in reward points they can redeem them NOW, hence the term. The P.R. benefits are obvious, as are the benefits to passengers who realize they do not have to make a long list of flights before they qualify. The preceding should pull more customers to Tryanair. Customer Service The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“You Fly, We Listenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  slogan and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"NOWà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ rewards program have a consistent theme in that the company does à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Listenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. This platform needs to be a part of Customer Service whereby agents have discretionary power to issue on the spot reward points up to 20% for highly dissatisfied customers as well as circumstance meeting certain criteria. The aforementioned standard rewards for flight changes and cancellations are within those parameters. The preceding is part of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"NOWà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ aspect of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦We Listenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  slogan to make the message take shape in actions, as emphasized by the Arthur W. Page Society (2006): Tell the truth Prove it with action Listen to the customer Manage for tomorrow Conduct Public Relations as if the whole company depends on it Remain calm, patient and good-humored These foundations are the cornerstones of the new slogan and rewards program. Tactics The discount / budget airline travel segment is highly price conscious. However, as a company, Tryanair can not view its relationship with the general public as well as passengers from the price shopping perspective, otherwise it runs the risk of developing a brand franchise is primarily comprised of customers that utilize the airline only when price suits them. Tryanair needs to go further than simply price, it needs to actively engage in a relationship with the customer that is now based, meaning when they think of Tryanair the will be presented with the idea that we care about them à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Nowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and see to their needs, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Nowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. Given all the choices customers have for air travel, now represents their state of mind, which should be reflected by the manner in which the company works in a customer centric mindset. Generating the preceding programs is estimated in terms of man hours, press releases and meetings under the à ¢Ã¢â €š ¬Ã‹Å"NOW Greenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, wheelchair sponsorships and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"NOWà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ rewards will constitute the utilization of the à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬100,000 with the costs of administering these two programs managed under advertising and promotions. Records regarding the number of customers using the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"NOWà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ rewards program will provide a gauge for its effectiveness, remembering that rarely is a flight filled to capacity, thus providing the means to fly these passengers and in reality aid in the fuel efficiency. Conclusion The nuances of the highly competitive discount / budget segment of the airline industry create a unique environment in terms of customer relationships as it is based primarily on price. This à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"cash and carryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ mentality permeates the industry segment with budget airlines garnering 54%, easyJet, 54%, Buzz, regarding the passenger who had flown with the airline who would recommend it (Gua rdian Unlimited, 2003). These are important figures, as a brand franchise is only as valuable as the customer who recognize and use it. The underlying aim behind the Public Relations Campaign is to: mend fences, where possible, with opposition groups concerning emissions, regional airport use and less flights through meetings and discussions. Tryanair is in the customer service business, and its customers are the ones traveling more as a result of the downward pressures on ticket prices. While opposition groups do have their agenda, they need to also be mindful of the publicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s desire and trends that dictate airline carrier courses of action, not the other way around. The preceding is a complex variable that needs to be slowly cultivated with those in opposition through first establishing a framework of discussion that takes their suggestions and works with these groups for practical solutions, where possible. The program in this area does not seek result, it seeks contact. The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"NOW Greenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ program is an active component in this process. Repair damage to the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s public image as created by the mishandling of wheelchair passengers, through reaching out to these groups via sponsorships and an active call program. Since the number of wheelchair passengers is relatively small such efforts are not costly, and the P.R. benefits can yield huge returns via word of mouth, in addition to press releases. The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"NOWà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ rewards program that lets passenger accumulate points for flights taken, as well as receive compensation for delayed, cancelled or re-scheduled flights is an active program designed to change customer dissatisfaction at any level about their initial impression. The program can not and does not seek to turn every customer into a happy one, just to make them more satisfied than they were before some incident. For customers having no incident, the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"NOWà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ program is designed to retain them for future flights. Registration is based either on their email or phone number and can be completed automatically when tickets are purchased and customer informed of their enrollment. The proactive approach and the handling out of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"NOWà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ reward program benefits in an easy to read format goes after customer loyalty, which must be earned. The Public Relations campaign themes, programs, approaches and direction indicated in this report are crafted to put Tryanair into contact with adversaries, as well as satisfied, dissatisfied and all levels in between of passenger who use the airline. The utilization of proactive measures will communicate the message that Tryanair does something about problems, because à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ We Listenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Appendix Appendix 1. AvantGo à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Passenger Survey Question Response Number Percent What drives your Airline purchase decision? Price Schedule Convenience FF Miles Customer Service N/A 651 162 94 95 16 40 62% 15% 9% 9% 2% 4% For personal trips, how do You generally buy travel? Online Phone Travel Agent Other N/A 785 63 130 23 57 74% 6% 12% 2% 5% Appendix 2. Wessels à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Why Passengers Select an Airline 5 is the Scoring Scale (Wessels, 2004, p-9) Category Score Price 4.7 Safety 4.2 Scheduling convenience 3.9 Non-stop flights 3.8 Reservation convenience 3.75 Baggage handling 3.7 On time arrival 3.6 Bibliography Accenture (2005) UK Travel Survey: Finding and Analysis. March 2005. https://www.accenture.com/NR/rdonlyres/39C882FB-08CA-4E1E-AB08-502CA932EAD0/0/uk_travel.pdf Airapparent (2006) Airlines Must Lose Their Right to Pollute the Skies. https://www.airapparent.ca/library/full_text/airlines_must_lose_rights_to _pollute.htm Arthur W. Page Society. (2006) About the Society. https://www.awpagesociety.com/about/index.asp Arthur W. Page Society (2005) Case Writing Competition in Corporate Communications. https://www.nd.edu/~fanning/page/APcase.pdf#search=function%20of%20corporate%20public%20relations AvantGo. (2003.) Consumer Travel Preferences. www.avantgo.com BBC News (2003) Small airports take off. https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/business/74405.stm Bosworth, M., Holland, J. (2003) Customer Centric Selling. First Edition. McGraw Hill. ISBN: 0071425454 Britt, S. (2003) Analysis of Discount Airlines. https://oak.cats.ohiou.edu/~sb176799/esp/fd.htm Christe nsen, C., Roth, E., Anthony, S. (2004) Seeing Whatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Next: Using Theories of Innovation to Predict Industry Change. Harvard Business School Press. ISBN: 1591391857 Department of Transport (2005) Civil Aviation Bill. https://www.dft.gov.uk/stellent/groups/dft_aviation/documents/pdf/dft_aviation_pdf_039655.pdf Defra (2006) An Operatorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Guide to the EU Emissions Trading Scheme. https://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/climatechange/trading/eu/intro/euets-guide.pdf Defra (2005) Experimental Statistics on carbon dioxide emissions at Local Authority and Regional Level. https://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/statistics/globatmos/regionalrpt/localghgdefrasum20051021.pdf Defra (2005b) Statistical release. https://www.defra.gov.uk/news/2005/051021a.htm EasyJet.com (2003) Directorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s report and consolidated financial statements. 30 September 2003. https://www.easyjet.com/en/news/1999-2000results.pdf#search=easyjet%20strategy Edgar (2006) RyanAir Holdings PLC. https://sec.edgar-online.com/2004/09/29/0001191638-04-001674/section5.asp Edmond.com (2006) Disabled and Wheelchair Sports Links. https://www.edmond-wheelchair.com/wheelchair_sports_links.htm Forum for the future (2006) Home Page. https://www.forumforthefuture.org.uk/index.aspx?aspxerrorpath=/news/page.aspx Friends of the Herat (2006) Climate Change. https://www.foe.co.uk/campaigns/climate/issues/climate_change/index.html Grant, R. (2005) Contemporary Strategy Analysis: Concepts, Techniques, Applications. 5th Edition. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN: 1405119993 GreenSkies (2006) Welcome to GreenSkies. https://www.greenskies.org/ Guardian Unlimited (2003) Budget airlines fly high in satisfaction survey. 11 March 2003. https://www.guardian.co.uk/airlines/story/0,1371,911568,00.html National Society for Clean Air (2006) Costs and Taxation. https://www.nsca.org.uk/pages/topics_and_issues/aviation.cfm Ray, S. (2005) Fuel costs increasing gl obal airlinesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ losses. 30 May 2005. https://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,600137709,00.html Ryanair.com (2006) Ryanair.com. https://www.ryanair.com/site/EN/dests.php?flash=chk easyJet.com (2006) easyJet.com Southwest Airlines (2006) Southwest Airlines Rapid Rewards. https://www.southwest.com/rapid_rewards/rapid_rewards.html Wessels, D. (2004) Consumer Loyalty in the Airline Industry. Wharton School of Business, University of Pennsylvania Wikitravel (2006) Discount Airlines in Europe. https://wikitravel.org/en/Discount_airlines_in_Europe Williamson, D., Cooke, P., Jenkins, W., Moreton, K. (2003) Strategic Management and Business Analysis. Butterworth à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Heinemann. ISBN: 0750642955

Mental Health Refore What It Would Really Take Essay

Mental Health Reform: What It Would Really Take In today’s society there is a greater awareness of mental illnesses. With this greater awareness one might assume that there would be a substantial increase in government involvement or funding in the area of mental illness treatment. Unfortunately this isn’t the case in the U.S. today. There are hundreds of thousands of people with mental illness that go untreated. These potential patients go untreated for many reasons. These reasons are discussed in the Time article â€Å"Mental Health Reform: What Would it Really Take. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The article gives some examples of what has happened to people that have not received mental treatment due to lack of government funding. These†¦show more content†¦She is advocating an increase in government funding to improve access to care for others. She would also like employers to help by providing equal insurance coverage for mental and physical health. Currently insurance plans can charge higher co-payments for psychaitric visits than for other medical care. I feel that even if the proposals become law it’s only the first step to fixing this problem. The article discusses some promises made by Kennedy in 1963 to subsidize mental-health services in every community. Kennedy signed a bill to create as many as 2000 community health centers, there are just 740 today. The insurance companies might feel a little better about supporting mental-health if they were presented with some comparisons of successful treatment between psychiatry and physical medicine. One such comparison given in the article is that 60% of those treated for schizophrenia can be successfully treated, while just 41% of those that have angioplasty can recover fully. There is a huge number of mentally ill that are homeless because they’ve gone untreated. They often turn to illegal drugs to ease there pain and confusion. In my opinion this problem should be addressed quickly. There are confused mentally ill people that have been forgotten about by society that a re roaming the streets. These people can un-knowingly commit horrific crimes such as the man discussed earlier that pushed the women to her death in the New York subway. The

Lord of the Flies Persuasive Letter free essay sample

This is Jack Merridew. It has been many years since we last saw each other, and so much has happened since then. I’m sure you’re a very different person now, as am I. I am not that same boy you knew, fifteen years can really change a person. Ten years ago, you sent me a letter blaming me for Simon and Piggy’s deaths, and everything else that happened on the island. I didn’t respond back then because I was in the Seminary and was trying to worship god and put all that happened on the island behind me. I’m writing you this letter now because I am about to become a priest and I feel that I need to clear things up as a last act before I start my new life. This way I can start out with a clean slate. In your letter you blamed me for what happened on that night of the big feast, what happened to Simon I mean, and I must tell you that it was not my fault. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the Flies Persuasive Letter or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even though it happened fifteen years ago, I can still remember it like it happened yesterday. It was a terrible dark and rainy night and we were all dancing about like a bunch of crazed savages, chanting our pig-slaughtering chant, even you were. As we started getting caught up in the chant I saw a shadowy figure crawling out of the forest. I thought it was the beast, I really did, everyone else thought so too. Everyone, even you. I know we all saw him at the same time because I was not the only one who shouted out that he was the beast, you thought he was too, you and Piggy and Sam and Eric and everyone else, we all thought he was the beast. It wasn’t me who said â€Å"let’s kill him†, it wasn’t only my idea, it was a mutual idea that everyone took part in. We were all to blame, not just me. And how was I supposed to know that the â€Å"real beast† was only a dead parachutist? For all any of us knew, the beast could have been a terrible vicious wild animal that would have devoured us all. When I saw Simon crawling out of the forest I thought he was the beast and I took action, as did everyone else, after all we were just a pack of young boys living alone on a desert island with nothing but fruit and half-raw pig o eat. We were all caught up in the delirium of that stupid dance and no one knew what they were doing, it was a stupid and terrible mistake. However, I think that you are just as much to blame for what happened that night as I am or any one else is, you took part in that dance just like the rest of us. It wasn’t murder because it was not intentional, I had good intentions as did the rest of the boys I’m sure. Is it fair to still blame only me? I behaved in ways that I wish I had not, but in my defense I was not myself on the island. Something came over me, I was not used to living without meat, without anything. What did I know anyway? I was only thirteen and people do stupid things. I now see that what happened on that island was insanity. It was madness, all of it. The conch, the assemblies, the tribes the killing, and especially Piggy’s death. I know at the time I didn’t show any remorse, but I have truly come to regret it. I am sorry that you lost your friend and that I was not kinder to him while he was alive. But, how can you blame me for his death when I didn’t even throw the boulder that killed him?. We were all caught up that foolish fight, it was as if he was killed in battle, no one should be assigned the blame for that. We were stuck on that island for far too long and we were all beginning to go mad, it’s a wonder we even survived long enough to be rescued. I know I did some stupid things, but so did you, the point is that it was not all my fault. I want to live the rest of my life guilt-free and exonerate myself from any bad feelings still left over, I hope that you can now see my point. Father Jack Merridew